Abstracts
Résumé
Comme dans de nombreux domaines technologiques et industriels, l’exploration et l’exploitation minières s’appuient sur des instruments censés prévoir et organiser les développements futurs et leurs conséquences. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à trois formes de mobilisation du futur dans le cadre de ces activités et de leurs contestations : 1) l’investissement, caractérisé par le calcul des profits futurs et la place centrale accordée aux risques susceptibles de les remettre en cause ; 2) l’anticipation, qui associe l’activité extractive à des considérations plus larges susceptibles de faire émerger des questionnements nouveaux et une autre définition des risques ; 3) la planification, qui consiste à organiser l’activité minière en fonction d’objectifs à atteindre, tels que le développement territorial, par exemple. En se fondant sur plusieurs terrains (France métropolitaine, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Guyane), cet article propose de montrer qu’une analyse des formes de mobilisation du futur permet de repenser le problème bien connu des relations entre les entreprises minières, l’environnement et les populations concernées.
Mots-clés :
- exploration minière,
- junior,
- futur,
- investissement,
- anticipation,
- planification
Abstract
As in many technological and industrial sectors, mining exploration and extraction rely on instruments designed to anticipate and organize future developments and their consequences. In this article, we focus on three ways of mobilizing the future in the context of these activities and their contestation. Investment is characterized by the calculation of future profits and the central place given to risks that are likely to threaten them. Anticipation combines the appraisal of extractive activity with wider considerations likely to give rise to new questions and a different definition of risks. Planning consists in organizing mining activity according to objectives to be achieved, such as territorial development. Building on fieldwork in metropolitan France, New Caledonia, and French Guiana, this article shows that an analysis of the mobilization of the future makes it possible to rethink the well-known problem of the relations between mining companies, environment and the affected populations.
Keywords:
- mining exploration,
- junior,
- future,
- investment,
- anticipation,
- planning
Appendices
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