Abstracts
Abstract
Natural resource governance accelerates development. Ethiopia, a low-income country, passed land legislation in the 1990s and subsequently exhibited exceptional economic growth and human development improvements. From 2004 to 2014, Ethiopia’s average annual GDP growth rate was about nine per cent. Nevertheless, over 80% of the population remain food insecure. Using a literature review and interviews, this case study examines Ethiopia’s economic and social development through a land governance lens. It aims to document the flaws in Ethiopia’s regulatory framework that hinder vulnerable communities from leveraging the benefits of greater foreign direct investments (FDI) and resultant economic growth. The case analyzes Ethiopia’s agricultural governance framework and the impact of FDI-driven large-scale farming on smallholder communities, and concludes with suggestions for alternative investment approaches. The case study reveals that Ethiopian government legislation and resultant macroeconomic growth has yet to deliver inclusive and stable economic gains for many of the vulnerable smallholder communities. There is a need to advance further regulation and policies that not only protect these vulnerable communities, but also enhance economic and trade incentives for potential foreign investors.
Keywords:
- Natural resource governance,
- foreign direct investment,
- farmers,
- Ethiopia,
- agriculture
Résumé
La gouvernance des ressources naturelles accélère le développement. L'Éthiopie, un pays à faible revenu, a adopté une législation foncière dans les années 1990 et a ensuite affiché une croissance économique exceptionnelle et des améliorations au développement humain. De 2004 à 2014, le taux de croissance annuel moyen du PIB de l'Éthiopie était d'environ de neuf pour cent. Néanmoins, plus de 80% de la population restent en insécurité alimentaire. À l'aide d'une revue de littérature et d'entretiens, cette étude de cas examine le développement économique et social de l'Éthiopie sous l’angle de la gouvernance foncière. Elle vise à documenter les défauts dans le cadre réglementaire de l'Éthiopie qui empêchent les communautés vulnérables de tirer parti des avantages des investissements étrangers directs (IDE) plus élevés et de la croissance économique qui en résulte. Le cas analyse le cadre de gouvernance agricole de l'Éthiopie et l'impact de l'agriculture à grande échelle axée sur les IDE sur les petites exploitations agricoles et conclut avec des suggestions d'approches d'investissement alternatives. L'étude de cas révèle que la législation du gouvernement éthiopien et la croissance macroéconomique qui en résulte n'ont pas encore permis de générer des gains économiques inclusifs et stables pour de nombreux petits paysans vulnérables. Il est nécessaire de proposer de nouvelles réglementations et politiques qui non seulement protègent ces communautés vulnérables, mais aussi améliorent les incitations économiques et commerciales pour les investisseurs étrangers potentiels.
Mots-clés :
- Gouvernance des ressources naturelles,
- investissement étranger direct,
- agriculteurs,
- Éthiopie,
- Agriculture
Appendices
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