Abstracts
Abstract
Inuit across the Arctic regions have for generations echoed a wish for a greater involvement in research and have voiced the need for direct partnerships that include Indigenous perspectives. As a consequence, researchers are becoming increasingly aware that studying other people’s past and heritage is not an inherent academic right but rather involves developing close Indigenous partnerships. Accordingly, partnership research frameworks are now being recognized as essential foundations to decolonize research practices in the Arctic, as vocalized by Inuit communities. In this paper, Inughuit community members share their personal and shared thoughts and reflections and present how they envision future partnership research approaches, how they can determine the objectives of partnered research, and what archaeology can ultimately contribute in a changing Arctic.
Keywords:
- Inughuit voices,
- community members,
- developing research relationships,
- partnership visions,
- heritage,
- Indigenous knowledge,
- arctic archaeology,
- decolonization
Résumé
Depuis des générations, les Inuit des régions arctiques ont exprimé le souhait d’être davantage impliqués dans la recherche et la nécessité d’un partenariat direct incluant les perspectives indigènes. En conséquence, les chercheurs sont de plus en plus conscients que l’étude du passé et du patrimoine d’autres peuples n’est pas un droit académique inhérent, mais qu’elle implique le développement de partenariats autochtones étroits. En conséquence, les cadres de recherche en partenariat sont de plus en plus reconnus comme des fondements essentiels pour décoloniser les pratiques de recherche dans l’Arctique, comme l’ont exprimé les communautés Inuit. Dans cet article, nous présentons des membres de la communauté Inughuit qui partagent leurs pensées et réflexions personnelles et communes, et qui expliquent comment ils envisagent les futures approches de recherche en partenariat, comment ils peuvent déterminer les objectifs de la recherche en partenariat, et ce que l’archéologie peut finalement apporter dans un Arctique en mutation.
Mots-clés :
- Voix des Inughuit,
- membres de la communauté,
- développement de relations de recherche,
- visions de partenariat,
- patrimoine,
- savoir indigène,
- archéologie arctique,
- décoloniser
Abstrakti
Issittumi nunat immikkoortuini Inuit ilisimatusarnermut peqataatinneqarnerunissamik kinguaariit ingerlaneranni arlaleriarlutik kissaateqartarsimapput nunallu inoqqaavisa isiginnittaasiannik peqataatitsilluni toqqaannartumik suleqatigiinnissamik pisariaqartitsineq oqariartuutigisarlugu. Tamatuma kingunerisaanik allanut qanga pisimasunik kingornussassaannillu misissuinerit ilisimatuussutsikkut pisinnaatitaaffiunnginnerat ilisimatusartunit eqqumaffigineqarnerujartulerpoq, aallaqqaataaniillu qanimut suleqatigiinnerit ineriartortinneqarnissaat ilaatinneqalerluni. Ilisimatusarnermik suleqatigiinnernut sinaakkutit Issittumi ilisimatusariaatsit nunasiaataajunnaarsarneqarnerannut pingaarutilimmik tunngaviunerat taamaammat akuerisaajartuinnarpoq, soorlu Inunnit tamanna oqariartuutigineqarsimasoq. Pappiaqqami matumani Inughuit ilaasa namminneq ataatsimullu eqqarsaataat ilisaritippagut, siunissamilu suleqatigiilluni ilisimatusariaasissat qanoq takorloorneraat, suleqatigiilluni ilisimatusarnernut anguniagassat qanoq aalajangersinnaaneraat, kiisalu Issittumi allanngorartumi itsarnisarsiornerup qanoq ilanngussaqarsinnaanera saqqummiullutigu.
Oqaatsit qitiusut:
- Inughuit niipaat,
- inuiaqatigiinneersut,
- ilisimatusarnermi attaveqaatinik ineriartortitsineq,
- suleqatigiinnermut takorluukkat,
- kingornussat,
- nunat inoqqaavisa ilisimasaat,
- Issittumi itsarnisarsiorneq,
- nunasiaataajunnaarsaaneq
Appendices
References
- Alix, Claire. 2009. “Driftwood, Timber and Shrubs! Wood Used by Ruin Islander Thule at Skraeling Island, Eastern Ellesrere Island, Canada.” In On the Track of the Thule Culture from Bering Strait to East Greenland – Papers in Honour of Hans Christian Gulløv, edited by B. Grønnow, 149–166. Copenhagen: Danish National Museum.
- Appelt, Martin, Jens Fog Jensen, Mikkel Myrup, Henning Haack, and Michelle Taube. 2015. “Himmelsk og jordisk jern i Grønlands forhistorie – ny teknologi og gamle problemer [Heavenly and earthly iron in Greenland’s prehistory – new technology and old problems].” Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark, 116–131.
- Atalay, Sonya. 2006. “Indigenous Archaeology as Decolonizing Practice.” American Indian Quarterly 30 (374): 280–310.
- Baird, Melissa F. 2014. “Heritage, Human Rights, and Social Justice.” Heritage & Society 7 (2): 139–155.
- Bravo, Michael, and Sverker Sörlin. 2002. Narrating the Arctic. A Cultural History of Nordic Scientific Practices. Canton, MA: Science History Publications USA.
- Caxaj, Susanna C. 2015. “Indigenous Storytelling and Participatory Action Research: Allies Toward Decolonization? Reflections From the Peoples’ International Health Tribunal.” Global Qualitative Nursing Research 1–12.
- Crate, Susan. 2011. “Climate and Culture: Anthropology in the Era of Contemporary Climate Change.” Annual Review of Anthropology 40: 175–194.
- Darwent, John, Christyann Darwent, Genevieve LeMoine, and Hans Lange. 2007. “Archaeological Survey of Eastern Inglefield Land, Northwest Greenland.” Arctic Anthropology 44 (2): 51–86.
- Desmarais, Danielle, Lesley Howse, Mari Kleist, and Letitia Pokiak. 2021. “Accountability in Arctic Archaeology: A Continuing Conversation for Change.” Unpublished paper presented at the 86th Annual Society for American Archaeology meetings. Session on Arctic Pasts: Dimensions of Change. San Francisco, CA, April 15–17.
- Flora, Janne, Kasper Lambert Johansen, Bjarne Grønnow, Astrid Oberborbeck Andersen, and Anders Mosbech. 2018. “Present and Past Dynamics of Inughuit Resource Spaces.” Ambio 47 (2): 244–264.
- Friesen, T. Max, and Charles D. Arnold. 2008. “The Timing of the Thule Migration: New Dates from the Western Canadian Arctic.” American Antiquity 73 (3): 527–538.
- Fromm, Annette B. 2016. “Ethnographic Museums and Intangible Cultural Heritage Return to our Roots.” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 5: 89–94.
- Gearheard, Shari Fox, Lene Kielsen Holm, Henry Huntington, Joe Mello Leavitt, Andy Mahoney, Margaret Opie, Toku Oshima, and Joelie Sanguya. 2013. The Meaning of Ice: People and Sea Ice in Three Arctic Communities. Hanover, NH: International Polar Institute.
- Gilberg, Rolf. 1971. “Polareskimoerne i Thule Distriktet, Nordgrønland: Økologiske beretninger over Bosætning og demografi [The Polar Eskimos in the Thule District, North Greenland: Ecological Accounts of Settlement and Demography].” Unpublished manuscript. The Library of the Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland.
- Hastrup, Kirsten. 2010. “Vinterens hjerte. Knud Rasmussen og hans tid.” [The Heart of Winter. Knud Rasmussen and His Time]. Historisk Tidsskrift Bind 110 Hæfte 2. Copenhagen: Gads Forlag.
- Hastrup, Kirsten. 2015. Thule på Tidens Rand. [Thule on the Edge of Time]. København: Lindhardt & Ringhof.
- Hastrup, Kirsten. 2016. “A History of Climate Change: Inughuit Responses to Changing Ice Conditions in North-West Greenland.” Climatic Change 1–12.
- Hastrup, Kirsten, Astrid Oberborbeck Andersen, Bjarne Grønnow, and Mads Peter Heide Jørgensen. 2018a. “Life Around the North Water Ecosystem: Natural and Social Drivers of Change over a Millennium.” Ambio 47 (2): 213–225.
- Hastrup, Kirsten, Anders Mosbech, and Bjarne Grønnow. 2018b. “Introducing the North Water: Histories of Exploration, Ice Dynamics, Living Resources, and Human Settlement in the Thule Region.” Ambio 47 (2): 162–174.
- Hayashi, Naotaka. 2017. “The Human Dimension of Climate Change Research in Greenland: Towards a New Form of Knowledge Generation. The Greenland Ice Sheet and its Interaction with the Climate System.” Low Temperature Science 75: 131–141.
- Hayashi, Naotaka, and Matthew Walls. 2019. “Endogenous Community Development in Greenland: A Perspective on Creative Transformation and the Perception of Future.” Polar Science 4: 52–57.
- Hogan, Maureen P., and Sean A. Topkok. 2015. “Teaching Indigenous Methodology and a Iñupiaq Example.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 4 (2): 50–75.
- Inuit Tapiriit Kanadami. 2019. National Inuit Strategy on Research Roundtable Summary Report. https://www.itk.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ITK_NISR_Roundtable_11.pdf.
- Jackson, Rebecca, Anna Bang Kvorning, Audrey Limoges, Eleanor Georgiadis, Steffen M. Olsen, Petra Tallberg, Thorbjørn J. Andersen, Naja Mikkelsen, Jacques Giraudeau, Guillaume Massé, Lukas Wacker, and Sofia Ribeiro. 2021. “Holocene Polynya Dynamics and Their Interaction with Oceanic Heat Transport in Northernmost Baffin Bay.” Scientific Reports 11 (1): 10095.
- Kawelu, Kathleen. 2014. “In Their Own Voices: Contemporary Native Hawaiian and Archaeological Narratives about Hawiian Archaeology.” The Contemporary Pacific 26 (1): 31–62.
- Kleist, Mari, and Matthew Walls. 2019. “Najukkami Ilisimasat Inughuarnillu Suleqateqarneq.” [Local Knowledge and Inughuit Partnership]. Actes de colloque du 21e Congrès d’études Inuit/Proceedings of the 21st Inuit Studies Conference, edited by Ghyslain Cantin-Savoie, Matthew Schuurman, and Richard Compton, 49–60. Montréal, QC: URL.
- Lemoine, Genevieve, and Christyann Darwent. 2010. “The Inglefield Land Archaeology Project: Introduction and Overview.” Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 110 (2): 279–296.
- Lemoine, Genevieve, and Christyann Darwent. 2016. “Development of Polar Inughuit Culture in the Smith Sound Region.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Prehistoric Arctic, edited by T. M. Friesen and O. K. Mason, 873–896. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lyberth, Bjarne, and Parnuna Egede. 2013. PIKIALASORSUAQ – Bridging the Bay Workshop Report. Inuit Circumpolar Council, Greenland. http://pikialasorsuaq.org/en/About/the-project.
- McGhee, Robert. 1996. Ancient People in the Arctic. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
- Moltke, Ida, Matteo Fumagalli, Thorfinn S. Korneliussen, Jacob E. Crawford, Peter Bjerregaard, Marit E. Jørgensen, Niels Grarup, Hans Christian Gulløv, Allan Linneberg, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Rasmus Nielsen, and Anders Albrechtsen. 2015. “Uncovering the Genetic History of the Present-Day Greenlandic Population.” The American Journal of Human Genetics 96 (1): 54–69.
- Nadasdy, Paul. 1999. “The Politics of TEK: Power and the ‘Integration’ of Knowledge.” Arctic Anthropology 36 (1-2):1–18.
- Nuttall, Mark. 2009. “Living in a World of Movement: Human Resilience to Environmental Instability in Greenland.” In Anthropology and Climate Change: From Encounter to Actions, edited by S. A. Crate and M. Nuttall, 292–310. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
- Pikialasorsuaq Commission. 2017. Report of the Pikialasorsuaq Commission—Nov 2017. People of the Ice Bridge: The Future of the Pikialasorsuaq. Inuit Circumpolar Council. http://pikialasorsuaq.org/en/Resources/Reports.
- Powell, Richard C. 2008. “Configuring an ‘Arctic Commons’?” Political Geography 27 (8): 827-832.
- Powell, Richard C. 2010. “Lines of Possession? The Anxious Constitution of a Polar Geopolitics.” Political Geography 29 (2): 74–77.
- Powell, Richard, and Klaus Dodds. 2014. Polar Geopolitics? Knowledges, Resources and Legal Regimes. Cheltenham Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Rasmussen, Knud. 1905. Nye Mennesker. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
- Saammaateqatigiinnissamut Isumalioqatigiissitaq. [Reconciliation Commission]. 2016. Status Report 2016.
- Schledermann, Peter. 1990. Crossroads to Greenland: 3000 Years of Prehistory in the Eastern High Arctic. Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary.
- Schledermann, Peter, and Karen McCullough. 2003. Late Thule Culture Developments on the Central East Coast of Ellesmere Island. Copenhagen: Danish National Museum/Danish Polar Center.
- Sine, Mary. 2022. “Knowledge Production and Policy in the Arctic: The Political Ecology of the Thick-billed Murre.” Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Calgary.
- Sørensen, Mikkel, and Torben Diklev. 2019. “Thuleområdets palæo-eskimoiske bosættelse.” Rapport fra arkæologisk rekognoscering i Avanersuaq i 2018. [Paleo-Eskimo settlement of the Thule area. Report from Archaeological Reconnaissance in Avanersuaq in 2018].
- Stewart-Harawira, Makere. 2013. “Challenging Knowledge Capitalism. Indigenous Research in the 21st Century.” Journal of the Society forSocialist Studies/Revue de la Société d´études socialistes 9 (1): 39–51.
- Tackney, Justin, Joan Coltrain, Jennifer Raff, and Dennis O’Rourke. 2016. “Ancient DNA and Stable Isotopes: Windows on Arctic Prehistory.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Prehistoric Arctic, edited by T. M. Friesen and O. K. Mason, 51–80. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Thisted, Kirsten. 2010. “Voicing the Arctic: Knud Rasmussen and the Ambivalence of Cultural Translation.” In Arctic Discourses, edited by Anka Ryall, Johan Schimanski, and Henning Howlid Wærp, 59–81. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. 2012. “Decolonization is not a Metaphor.” Decolonization Indigeneity, Education & Society 1 (1): 1–40.
- Walls, Matthew, Madisen Hvidberg, Mari Kleist, Pauline Knudsen, Pivinnguaq Mørch, Pia Egede, Gillian Taylor, Niki Philips, Shintaro Yamasai, and Tatsuya Watanabe. 2020. “Hydrological Instability and Archaeological mpact in Northwest Greenland: Sudden mMass Movement Events Signal New Concerns for Circumpolar Archaeology.” Quaternary Science Reviews 248: 106–600.
- Wilson, Katherine J., Trevor Bell, Andrew Arreak, Brian Koonoo, David Angnatsiak, and Gita J. Ljubicic. 2020. “Changing the Role of Non-Indigenous Research Partners in Practice to Support Inuit Self-determination in Research.” Arctic Science 6 (3): 127–153.