Abstracts
Abstract
This paper provides insight into Inuit procurement and gender roles. Through a focus on fishing derbies in the Canadian Arctic, this significant aspect of Inuit life is recognized. Many ethnographies and land use studies have previously concentrated on hunting. The fishing derby provides an alternative ethnographic example of procurement. It is an activity in which women, men, children, and elders participate. Women’s roles in the Arctic have often been discussed in terms of gender division of labour or in terms of their complementarity to men’s roles. The fishing derby demonstrates occasions when procurement activities are not necessarily divided along gender lines and thereby reveals a broader understanding of gender roles. The fishing derby is also an ethnographic example of skill as traditional knowledge and may inform how Inuit, and hunter-gatherers more generally, relate to the world around them.
Résumé
Cet article présente une nouvelle perspective concernant un mode d'acquisition inuit en relation avec les rôles des sexes. Un examen approfondi des tournois de pêche dans l'Arctique canadien permet de souligner l’importance de cet aspect de la vie inuit. Jusqu'ici, de nombreuses études ethnographiques et recherches sur l’utilisation du territoire ont mis l’emphase sur la chasse. Le tournoi de pêche est un nouvel exemple d’acquisition. Il s’agit d’une activité à laquelle participent femmes, hommes, enfants et aînés. Le rôle de la femme dans l’Arctique a souvent été considéré sous l’angle de la division du travail ou bien sous celui de sa complémentarité au rôle de l’homme. Le tournoi de pêche est une occasion où les activités acquisitionnelles ne sont pas forcément organisées selon le sexe des individus et par conséquent cet aspect nous aide à comprendre de façon plus large les rôles des sexes. Le tournoi de pêche permet également de voir d’un point de vue ethnographique «la compétence» comme savoir traditionnel, éclairant la façon dont les Inuit, et par extension tous les chasseurs-cueilleurs, perçoivent le monde qui les entoure.
Appendices
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