Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article soutient que les notions « guérison » et « réconciliation » – souvent utilisées de façon imprécise et ambiguë – servent à distinguer les approches ascendante et descendante en matière de consolidation de la paix. Ces notions contribuent également à dissimuler les liens complexes existant entre les processus psychosociaux associés à la guérison et les processus politiques associés à la réconciliation. De nombreux programmes et processus de consolidation de la paix sont conçus à partir de la distinction entre guérison et réconciliation. Or, lorsque le lien entre la guérison et la réconciliation est rompu, la consolidation de la paix engendre des expériences de victimisation secondaire qui fragilisent et peuvent compromettre la paix. Pour appuyer cet argument, nous considérons le cas de la Bosnie-Herzégovine.
Mots-clés:
- guérison,
- réconciliation,
- maintien de la paix,
- victimisation,
- Bosnie-Herzégovine
Abstract
This article explores the notions of “healing” and “reconciliation” as they are referred to in the literature on peacebuilding. It argues that these notions are used vaguely and that they are terms deployed to discriminate between “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches to peacebuilding. As such, they help obscure complex connections between the psychosocial processes associated with healing and the political processes associated with reconciliation. Numerous peacebuilding programs and processes are conceived upon the distinction between healing and reconciliation. This article examines the effects of this distinction and argues that where healing and reconciliation are disconnected, peacebuilding produces experiences of secondary victimisation that undermine peace. The case of Bosnia-Herzegovina is used to support this argument.
Keywords:
- healing,
- reconciliation,
- peacebuilding,
- victimisation,
- Bosnia-Herzegovina
Resumen
Este artículo sostiene que las nociones de « curación » y « reconciliación » – usualmente utilizadas de manera imprecisa y ambigua - sirven para distinguir los enfoques ascendentes y descendentes en materia de consolidación de la paz, y contribuyen a disimular los vínculos complejos que existen entre el proceso psicosocial asociado a la curación y los procesos políticos asociados a la reconciliación. Numerosos programas y procesos de consolidación de la paz son concebidos a partir de la distinción entre los dos términos. Sin embargo, cuando el vínculo entre ambos se rompe, la consolidación de la paz engendra experiencias de victimización secundaria que fragilizan e pueden comprometer la paz. Para probar este argumento, consideramos el caso de Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Palabras clave:
- curación,
- reconciliación,
- mantenimiento de la paz,
- victimización,
- Bosnia-Herzegovina
Appendices
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