Abstracts
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the housing landscape in northern Canada, characterized by chronic housing insecurity, homelessness, and inadequate policy responses, is in a state of crisis. In Fort Good Hope, a Dene First Nation in the Sahtu region of the Northwest Territories, the K'ásho Got’ı̨ne Housing Society is coordinating a community-led strategy to deliver their own housing and home. While their work supports the call for Indigenous self-determination, the systemic barriers that impede their efforts highlight the challenges of realizing self-determination in the current governance system. This paper draws on a series of interviews and archival research to explore how home, housing, and planning can support self-determination in northern and Indigenous communities. We problematize the stories of housing and planning that construct state dependencies and discursively limit possibilities for self-determination, elevating instead the story of home that empowers Fort Good Hope in its self-determination. Ultimately, we demonstrate the power for knowledge and identity production in housing and planning systems, and highlight the importance of challenging the settler colonial ontologies implicated in state-sanctioned approaches to self-determination.
Keywords:
- housing,
- planning,
- Indigenous self-determination,
- northern Canada
Résumé
Il est largement reconnu que le secteur du logement dans le nord du Canada, caractérisé par une insécurité chronique en matière de logement, le sans-abrisme et des réponses politiques inadéquates, est en crise. À Fort Good Hope, une Première Nation dénée de la région du Sahtu, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, la K'ásho Got’ı̨ne Housing Society coordonne une stratégie communautaire visant à fournir ses propres logements et maisons. Si leur travail soutient l'appel à l'autodétermination des peuples autochtones, les obstacles systémiques qui entravent leurs efforts mettent en évidence les défis que représente la réalisation de l'autodétermination dans le système de gouvernance actuel. Cet article s'appuie sur une série d'entretiens et de recherches archivistiques pour explorer comment le logement, l'habitat et l'aménagement du territoire peuvent soutenir l'autodétermination dans les communautés nordiques et autochtones. Nous remettons en question les récits sur le logement et l'urbanisme qui renforcent la dépendance vis-à-vis de l'État et limitent discursivement les possibilités d'autodétermination, en mettant plutôt en avant le récit sur le foyer qui renforce l'autodétermination de Fort Good Hope. Enfin, nous démontrons le pouvoir de la production de connaissances et d'identité dans les systèmes de logement et d'urbanisme, et soulignons l'importance de remettre en question les ontologies coloniales impliquées dans les approches de l'autodétermination sanctionnées par l'État.
Mots-clés :
- logement,
- Autodétermination des peuples autochtones,
- nord du Canada,
- aménagement
Appendices
Bibliography
- Alfred, T. & Corntassel, J. (2005). Being Indigenous: Resurgences against contemporary colonialism. Government and Opposition, 40(4), 597-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00166.x
- Anthony, T. & Hohmann, J. (2024). Indigenous Housing Rights and Colonial Sovereignty: Self-Determination and Housing Rights beyond a White Possessive Frame. Social and Legal Studies, 34(3), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/09646639241227120
- Bhandar, B. (2018). Colonial Lives of Property: Law, Land, and Racial Regimes of Ownership. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
- Blatman, N. & Sisson, A. (2024). Rethinking housing inequality and justice in a settler colonial city. In K. Jacobs, K. Flanagan, J. De Vries & E. MacDonald. (Eds). Research Handbook on Housing, the Home and Society. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
- Blatman-Thomas, N. & Porter, L. (2019). Placing property: Theorizing the urban from settler colonial cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 43(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12666
- Blondin, G. (1997). Yamoria, the Lawmaker: Stories of the Dene. Edmonton: NeWest Press.
- Bone, R. (2003). The geography of the Canadian North. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Borrows, J. (2016). Freedom and Indigenous Constitutionalism. University of Toronto Press.
- Carlson, E. (2017). Anti-colonial methodologies and practices for settler colonial studies. Settler Colonial Studies, 7(4), 496–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2016.1241213
- Christensen, J. (2016). Indigenous housing and health in the Canadian North: Revisiting cultural safety. Health & Place, 40, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.003
- Christensen, J. (2017). No Home in a Homeland: Indigenous Peoples and Homelessness in the Canadian North. UBC Press: Vancouver, Toronto.
- Christensen, J., Goldhar, C., McCartney, S., Riva, M., Schiff, R., & Herskovits, J. (2025). Reframing Indigenous housing policy in northern Canada. International Journal of Housing Policy, 25(3), 529–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2024.2435093
- Collings, P. (2005). Housing Policy, Aging, and Life Course Construction in a Canadian Inuit Community. Arctic Anthropology, 42(2), 50-65.
- Corntassel, J. (2008). Toward sustainable self-determination: Rethinking the contemporary Indigenous-rights discourse. Alternatives, 33(1), 105-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/40645238
- Coulthard, G. (2007). Subjects of Empire: Indigenous Peoples and the ‘Politics of Recognition’ in Canada. Contemporary Political Theory, 6(4), 437–460. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300307
- Coulthard, G. (2014). Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, MN.
- Daigle, M. (2016). Awawanenitakik: The spatial politics of recognition and relational geographies of Indigenous self-determination. Canadian Association of Geographers, 60(2), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12260
- Damas, D. (2002). Arctic migrants/Arctic villagers: The transformation of Inuit settlement in the Central Arctic. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- de Leeuw, S., Parkes, M.W., Sloan Morgan, V., Christensen, J., Lindsay, N., Mitchell-Foster, K., & Russell Jozkow, J. (2017). Going unscripted: A call to critically engage storytelling methods and methodologies in geography and the medical-health sciences. The Canadian Geographer/ Le Géographe Canadien, 61(2), 152-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12337
- Deloria, V. (2004). "Self-determination and the concept of sovereignty." In Native American Sovereignty (107-114). Routledge.
- Dorries, H. (2022). What is planning without property? Relational practices of being and belonging. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 40(2), 306-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758211068505
- GNWT Department of Local Government. (1970). Planning Report and Development Plan: Fort Good Hope, N.W.T. Northwest Territories Archives. (G-2007-020: 2-12). Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
- GNWT. (2019). “Housing Indicators: 2019 NWT Community Survey”. [online]. Available: https://www.statsnwt.ca/recent_surveys/2019NWTCommSurvey/2019-NWT%20Community%20Survey%20Housing%20Indicators.pdf
- Goldhar, C., Frenette, A., Pugsley, A., Browne, D., Hackett, K., Madsen, V., McNaughton, G. & Christensen, J. (2022). Critical Northern Geography: a Theoretical Framework, Research Praxis and Call to Action in our (Post)Pandemic Worlds. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 21(3), 270-283. https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v21i3.2140
- Hibbard, M. (2022). Indigenous Planning: From Forced Assimilation to Self-determination. Journal of Planning Literature, 37(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122211026641
- Hunt, S. (2014). Ontologies of Indigeneity: the politics of embodying a concept. Cultural Geographies, 21(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474013500226
- Irlbacher-Fox, S. (2010). Finding Dahshaa: Self-government, social suffering, and Aboriginal policy in Canada. UBC Press.
- K'ásho Got’ı̨ne Housing Society (2017). The State of Housing in Rádeyılį Kǫ: Fort Good Hope Housing Assessment to Inform Community Planning.
- K'ásho Got’ı̨ne Housing Society. (2020). Home in Rádeyı̨lı̨ Kóé : K'ásho Got’ı̨ne Housing Society Strategic Plan and Action Plan 2020-2025.
- King, H. (2010). “Give it up: Land and resource management in the Canadian North. Illusions of Indigenous power and inclusion.” In Canada’s North: What’s the plan? The 2010 CIBC scholar-in-residence lecture. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada.
- Kramm, M. (2024). The role of political ontology for Indigenous self-determination. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 27(5), 714-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2021.1997250
- Kuokkanen, R. J. (2014). “Confronting violence: indigenous women, self-determination and international human rights”. In J. Green (Ed.), Indivisible: Indigenous Human Rights (126-143). Fernwood Publishing.
- Kuokkanen, R.J. (2019). Restructuring Relations. Indigenous Self- Determination, Governance, and Gender. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lafferty, C. (2020). “This House is Not a Home”. Briarpatch Magazine. [online]. Available at: https://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/this-house-is-not-a-home
- Matunga, H. (2013). “Theorizing Indigenous Planning.” In R. Walker, T, Jojola & D. Natcher (Eds.) Reclaiming Indigenous Planning (3–32). Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- McCartney, S. (2016). Re-thinking housing: From physical manifestation of colonial planning policy to community-focused networks. Urban Planning, 4(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i4.737
- McCartney, S., Herskovits, J. & Hintelmann, L. (2018). Failure by Design: The On-Reserve First Nations Housing Crisis and Its Roots in Canadian Evaluation Frameworks. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 38(2),101-124.
- Moreton-Robinson, A. (2015). The White Possessive: Property, Power, and Indigenous Sovereignty. University of Minnesota Press.
- NWT Housing Corporation. (1978). Income Assistance vs. Housing Assistance in the North. Northwest Territories Archives. (G-2013-051: 2-20). Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
- Porter L., Matunga H., Viswanathan L., Patrick L., Walker R., Sandercock L., Moraes D., Frantz J., Thompson-Fawcett M., Riddle C. & Jojola T. (2017). Indigenous Planning: From Principles to Practice. Planning Theory and Practice, 18(4), 639-666. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2017.1380961
- Porter, L. & Barry, J. (2016). Planning for coexistence? Recognising Indigenous rights through land-use planning in Canada and Australia. Routledge: London, New York.
- Porter, L. (2010). Unlearning the colonial cultures of planning. Farnham: Ashgate.
- Pugsley, A., Christensen, J. & Tobac, A. (2025). “Home has always been at the heart of our self-government”: Housing, home and Indigenous self-determination in Fort Good Hope, Canada. Political Geography, 118 (103278). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2025.103278
- Rees, W.E. & Hulchanski, J.D. (1990). Housing as Northern Community Development: A Case study of the Homeownership Assistance Program (HAP) in Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories. CMHC Housing Knowledge Centre. (CA1 MH110 90H55). Online.
- Robson, R. (1995). Housing in the Northwest Territories: the Post-War Vision. Urban History Review, 24(1), 3-20.
- Sandercock, L. (2003). Cosmopolis II: Mongrel cities in the 21st century. London: Continuum.
- Sandercock, L. (2004). Indigenous planning and the burden of colonialism. Planning Theory & Practice, 5(1), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464935042000204240
- Selle, P. & Wilson, G. (2022). Economy, territory, and identity: A Rokkanian analysis of Indigenous self-determination in Canada and Norway. Polar Record, 58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247421000772
- Simpson, L. (2011). Dancing on our turtle’s back: Stories of Nishnaabeg re-creation, resurgence and a new emergence. Winnipeg, MB: Arbeiter Ring Publishing.
- Tester, F. (2009). Iglutaasaavut (Our New Homes): Neither "New" nor "Ours" Housing Challenges of the Nunavut Territorial Government. Journal of Canadian Studies, 43(2), 137-158.
- Thistle, J. (2017). The National Definition of Indigenous Homelessness in Canada. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. Toronto: York University Press.
- Tomiak, J. (2017). Contesting the Settler City: Indigenous Self-Determination, New Urban Reserves, and the Neoliberalization of Colonialism. Antipode, 49(4), 928-945. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12308
- Walker, R. (2008). Aboriginal Self-determination and Social Housing in Urban Canada: A Story of Convergence and Divergence. Urban Studies, 45(1), 185–205.
- Walker, R., Jojola, T., & Natcher, D. (2013). Reclaiming Indigenous Planning. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Wenzel, G. (2008). Clyde Inuit Settlement and Community: From before Boas to Centralization. Arctic Anthropology, 45(1), 1-21.

