Abstracts
Abstract
Writers have invoked the concept of the “cinema of attractions,” from early cinema studies, to claim that horror films sacrifice narrative integrity to deliver sudden frights and spectacular shocks. An examination of the history of the concept of the attraction, however, finds it heavily theorized by Sergei Eisenstein as something that can bind films together in powerful ways. In one horror film, The Old Dark House (1932), slamming doors, quaking thunder, shattering glass and a rampaging mute butler, while scary, also figure in James Whale’s scheme to criss-cross his film with motifs and other repetitions and produce a work that gains with every viewing. Even with its thin narrative, stock characters and, already in 1932, very familiar story about characters trapped in an old dark house, the film hangs together in intricate ways. Most elaborately, Whale embeds attractions in a grid that overlays the tiered spaces of the setting. Characters move up and down the creaky staircases and along the suspended hallways, chasing each other, scuffling, and withholding and disclosing secrets. Scenographic and narrative space mesh into a tight unity lit up by a constellation of “fun house” jolts. Props, including lamps and knives, circulate through these spaces as well, tracing patterns that startle viewers while simultaneously rendering the film rigorously and beautifully coherent.
Résumé
Certains auteurs ont utilisé le concept de « cinéma des attractions », issu des études sur le cinéma des premiers temps, pour affirmer que les films d’horreur sacrifient l’intégrité narrative au profit de chocs spectaculaires et d’éléments susceptibles de provoquer des peurs subites. Toutefois, en examinant l’histoire de ce concept, on constate que Sergei Eisenstein a souvent insisté sur la capacité de l’attraction à unifier un film de manière particulièrement efficace. Dans le film d’horreur The Old Dark House (1932), les claquements de porte, les roulements de tonnerre, les carreaux qui volent en éclats ainsi que le menaçant majordome muet, bien qu’effrayants, participent aussi de la stratégie de James Whale. Celui-ci sème son film de divers motifs et répétitions, afin de créer une oeuvre qui gagne en puissance à chaque visionnement. Malgré sa mince trame narrative, ses personnages typés et son histoire, déjà convenue en 1932, de personnages prisonniers d’une vieille et sinistre maison, le film parvient à garder sa cohésion grâce à un procédé complexe. De façon très calculée, Whale introduit les attractions au sein d’un réseau qui coïncide avec les différents niveaux du décor. Les personnages montent et descendent les escaliers grinçants, longent les corridors suspendus, se pourchassent et se chamaillent, révélant ou cachant certains secrets. Les espaces scénographique et narratif s’entremêlent ainsi en une unité serrée, où scintille une pléiade de chocs pareils à ceux des maisons hantées. Les accessoires, tels les lampes et les couteaux, circulent également dans ces espaces, traçant des motifs qui font sursauter le spectateur tout en donnant au film sa rigoureuse et élégante cohérence.
Appendices
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