Abstracts
Abstract
This paper critically examines the evidence of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) practice in Ontario, as documented in reports from the Ontario Chief Coroner’s MAID Death Review Committee (MDRC), of which the author is a member. Drawing on case narratives and anonymized discussions summarized in a recent MDRC report on dementia, and in earlier MDRC reports, the author highlights troubling components of current MAID practice, particularly focusing on MAID of persons with dementia. The paper documents at times minimalistic capacity evaluations, questionable informed consent procedures, and flexible interpretations of legal criteria such as “reasonably foreseeable natural death” and “advanced state of irreversible decline.” The analysis reveals how current practices may circumvent criminal law-based legislative safeguards, including through the use of Waivers of Final Consent that resemble advance requests for MAID, which are prohibited under the Criminal Code. The paper argues that guidance documents of the Canadian Association of MAID Assessors and Providers contribute to practices that appear in tension with the law. In conclusion, the paper calls for an overhaul of the system, including through stricter legislative criteria, independent review mechanisms, and enhanced professional oversight, which should reflect the irreversible and most serious outcome of the procedure.
Keywords:
- medical assistance in dying,
- MAID,
- euthanasia,
- assisted suicide,
- Ontario,
- policy,
- law,
- dementia
Résumé
Cet article examine de manière critique les preuves relatives à la pratique de l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) en Ontario, telles qu’elles sont documentées dans les rapports du Comité d’examen des décès liés à l’AMM (MDRC) du coroner en chef de l’Ontario, dont l’auteur est membre. S’appuyant sur des récits de cas et des discussions anonymisées résumés dans un récent rapport du MDRC sur la démence et dans des rapports antérieurs du MDRC, l’auteur met en évidence les aspects préoccupants de la pratique actuelle de l’AMM, en se concentrant particulièrement sur l’AMM pour les personnes atteintes de démence. L’article documente des évaluations de capacité parfois minimalistes, des procédures de consentement éclairé discutables et des interprétations flexibles de critères juridiques tels que « mort naturelle raisonnablement prévisible » et « état avancé de déclin irréversible ». L’analyse révèle comment les pratiques actuelles peuvent contourner les garanties législatives fondées sur le droit pénal, notamment par le recours à des dérogations au consentement final qui s’apparentent à des demandes anticipées d’aide médicale à mourir, lesquelles sont interdites par le Code criminel. L’article soutient que les documents d’orientation de l’Association canadienne des évaluateurs et prestataires d’AMM contribuent à des pratiques qui semblent en contradiction avec la loi. En conclusion, le document préconise une refonte du système, notamment par le biais de critères législatifs plus stricts, de mécanismes d’examen indépendants et d’une surveillance professionnelle renforcée, qui devraient refléter le résultat irréversible et le plus grave de la procédure.
Mots-clés :
- aide médicale à mourir,
- AMM,
- euthanasie,
- suicide assisté,
- Ontario,
- politique,
- droit,
- démence
Appendices
Bibliography
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