Abstracts
Abstract
This article considers the liminality of dying through the lens of “deathbed experiences”: reports of events occurring towards the end of life subject to multiple, potentially conflicting explanations, both medical and transcendent. Examples include a dying person reporting conversation with a deceased relative or reaching towards something unseen. While deeply meaningful and metaphysically significant to some, others explain them in material terms: as opioid toxicity, delirium or similar. These differing explanations bring an ontological liminality into the clinical realm. Based on ethnographic research within a UK hospice and 42 interviews with palliative care staff, this piece puts deathbed experiences in conversation with anthropology’s “ontological turn.” It compares the responses of clinicians to those of ethnographers confronting ontological difference. Drawing specifically on the methodological strain within this literature, it argues for care in such moments to be informed by “recursivity.” The article considers the consequences of this recursive form of care more broadly with reference to the biopsychosocial model. It ends with a discussion of how to do research about recursive care in a suitably recursive way.
Keywords:
- death,
- dying,
- care,
- palliative,
- spiritual,
- liminality,
- biopsychosocial
Résumé
Cet article examine la liminalité de la mort à travers le prisme des « expériences de fin de vie » : récits d’évènements survenant à la fin de la vie et pouvant faire l’objet d’explications multiples et potentiellement contradictoires, tant médicales que transcendantes. Parmi les exemples, on peut citer le fait qu’une personne mourante voit un parent décédé à son chevet ou prédise avec précision sa propre mort. Si ces évènements ont une profonde signification et une importance métaphysique pour certains, d’autres les expliquent en termes matériels : toxicité des opiacés, délire ou autres phénomènes similaires. Ces explications divergentes introduisent une liminalité ontologique dans le domaine clinique. S’appuyant sur des recherches ethnographiques menées dans un hospice britannique et sur 42 entretiens avec du personnel de soins palliatifs, cet article met en relation les expériences au chevet des mourants avec le « tournant ontologique » de l’anthropologie. Il compare les réponses des cliniciens à celles des ethnographes confrontés à la différence ontologique. S’appuyant spécifiquement sur la tendance méthodologique de cette littérature, il plaide pour que les soins prodigués dans ces moments-là soient guidés par la « récursivité ». L’article examine plus largement les conséquences de cette forme récursive de soins en se référant au modèle biopsychosocial. Il se termine par une discussion sur la manière de mener des recherches sur les soins récursifs d’une manière appropriée.
Mots-clés :
- mort,
- mourir,
- soins,
- palliatifs,
- spirituel,
- liminalité,
- biopsychosocial
Appendices
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