Abstracts
Abstract
When someone is very ill in Canada, the individual is taken under charge of the medical system and put on one of two distinct paths for handling the situation: either acute or palliative care. In the acute path, all available medical technology is deployed to save lives and avoid death, while the main objective of the palliative path is comfort, as death becomes inevitable and expected. The two paths are ordinarily seen as part of a linear process, wherein acute care is initially deployed and palliative care only after acute care is determined ineffective. In practice, however, the two paths are intermittent, as the reasoning repertoires that guide care practices along both paths are constantly renegotiated by care teams. This article follows the decision-making process regarding the use of the ventilator for two individuals at the end of their lives as their care teams alternate between legal, curing, and care repertoires. The entanglement of these repertoires leads to unexpected care practices as patients are shifted from one path to another. In both cases, the transition from acute to palliative care was nonlinear, and the purposes of the possible medical actions that could be taken along the two paths kept changing as events unfolded.
Keywords:
- Acute care,
- palliative care,
- end-of-life decision-making,
- ventilator,
- care pathways,
- ethics of care,
- Canada
Résumé
Au Canada, quand une personne est gravement malade, elle est prise en charge par le système médical et orientée vers l’une des deux approches distinctes pour gérer la situation : les soins intensifs ou les soins palliatifs. Dans le cas des soins intensifs, toutes les technologies médicales disponibles sont mises en oeuvre pour sauver des vies et éviter le décès, tandis que l’objectif principal des soins palliatifs est le confort, le décès étant inévitable et attendu. Ces deux voies sont généralement considérées comme faisant partie d’un processus linéaire, dans lequel les soins intensifs sont initialement déployés et les soins palliatifs sont uniquement mis en place si les soins intensifs ont été jugés inefficaces. Dans la pratique, cependant, ces deux approches sont intermittentes, car les raisonnements qui guident les pratiques de soins dans les deux cas sont constamment renégociés par les équipes soignantes. Cet article suit le processus décisionnel concernant l’utilisation du respirateur artificiel pour deux personnes en fin de vie, alors que leurs équipes soignantes alternent entre les raisonnements juridiques, curatifs et de soins. L’imbrication de ces répertoires conduit à des pratiques de soins inattendues, les patients passant d’une approche à l’autre. Dans les deux cas, la transition des soins intensifs aux soins palliatifs n’était pas linéaire, et les objectifs des actions médicales possibles qui pouvaient être prises dans le cadre des deux stratégies changeaient constamment au fur et à mesure que les évènements se déroulaient.
Mots-clés :
- Soins intensifs,
- soins palliatifs,
- prise de décision en fin de vie,
- respirateur artificiel,
- parcours de soins,
- éthique des soins,
- Canada
Appendices
Appendices
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