Abstracts
Abstract
Ringing a bell at the end of chemotherapy treatment has become a pervasive practice across cancer centres in Canada and the US. The ritual fails to accommodate the unique position of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer who may remain on chemotherapy treatment up to the end of life. Drawing on 17 months of fieldwork in a Canadian cancer hospital and classical liminality scholarship, I argue that the modern proliferation of cancer treatments produces a liminal space, an ambiguous territory that exists between the hope for a cure and the imminence of death. I show how patients’ liminal status becomes concealed by the bell ringing ceremony. While the ritual is meant to signal transition to reincorporation, it inspires ambivalence on the part of advanced cancer patients precisely because, for them, the end of chemotherapy does not translate as aggregation into the cancer-free world. Witnesses such as nurses, family, and friends should be aware of the bell’s heavy symbolism attached to patients’ uncertain futures and recognize that a myriad of conflicting reactions are possible. The focus on treatment keeps patients in an extended time of illness, preventing them from preparing for the end of life.
Keywords:
- cancer,
- liminality,
- ritual,
- transition,
- invisibility,
- chemotherapy,
- death
Résumé
Sonner une cloche à la fin d’un traitement de chimiothérapie est devenu une pratique courante dans les centres de cancérologie au Canada et aux États-Unis. Ce rituel ne tient pas compte de la situation particulière des patients atteints d’un cancer avancé qui peuvent rester sous chimiothérapie jusqu’à la fin de leur vie. À partir de 17 mois de travail sur le terrain dans un hôpital canadien spécialisé dans le cancer et sur les études classiques sur la liminalité, je soutiens que la prolifération moderne des traitements contre le cancer crée un espace liminal, un territoire ambigu qui existe entre l’espoir d’une guérison et l’imminence de la mort. Je montre comment le statut liminal des patients est masqué par la cérémonie de la sonnerie de cloche. Alors que ce rituel est censé signaler la transition vers la réintégration, il inspire une ambivalence chez les patients atteints d’un cancer avancé, précisément parce que, pour eux, la fin de la chimiothérapie ne se traduit pas par un retour à un monde sans cancer. Les témoins tels que les infirmières, la famille et les amis doivent être conscients de la lourde symbolique de la cloche, liée à l’avenir incertain des patients, et reconnaître qu’une myriade de réactions contradictoires sont possibles. L’accent mis sur le traitement maintient les patients dans une période de maladie prolongée, les empêchant de se préparer à la fin de leur vie.
Mots-clés :
- cancer,
- liminalité,
- rituel,
- transition,
- invisibilité,
- chimiothérapie,
- mort
Appendices
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