Abstracts
Abstract
Pygocephalomorphs are fossil eumalacostracans with a shrimp to lobster-like morphology, known from the Late Devonian (Famennian) to the early Permian (Cisuralian; Artinskian). In the late Paleozoic, pygocephalamorphs formed an important component of marginal marine, brackish and freshwater communities. Several species, including species of Tealliocaris and Pygocephalus, have been described from the Carboniferous of Canada, in particular from the Pennsylvanian. A revision of Pygocephalus from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia, Canada, is proposed based on original material described by Copeland and on undescribed material from the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site. The presence of three taxa is confirmed: Pygocephalus cooperi, Pygocephalus cf. cooperi and Pygocephalus dubius. The pygocephalomorphs of Joggins Fossil Cliffs, and more generally Nova Scotia, were likely benthic walkers based on their leg morphology and the paleoichnological evidence. A comparison of the studied assemblages with previously known assemblages from the Mississippian of Canada shows a faunal turnover among these assemblages, which could reflect paleoenvironmental changes in Atlantic Canada during the Carboniferous and thus various ecological affinities among taxa. We also observed three types of microstructures on the shield of Pygocephalus dubius: canal-like pores, which are most probably organule canals, setal attachment site, and polygonal reticular ornamentation.
Keywords:
- Eumalacostraca,
- Joggins Fossil Cliffs,
- paleoecology,
- Systematics,
- Pennsylvanian
Résumé
Les pygocéphalomorphes sont des eumalacostracés fossiles présentant une morphologie évoquant celle des crevettes et des homards, daté du Dévonien supérieur (Famennien) au Permien inférieur (Cisuralien, Artinskien). Vers la fin du Paléozoïque, les pygocéphalomorphes constituaient un élément important des communautés marines marginales, d’eau saumâtre et d’eau douce. Plusieurs espèces, notamment des espèces de Tealliocaris et de Pygocephalus, ont été relevées durant le Carbonifère au Canada, en particulier dans le Pennsylvanien. Une révision de Pygocephalus remontant au Carbonifère en Nouvelle-Écosse (Canada) est proposée à partir du matériel original décrit par Copeland ainsi que de matériel inédit provenant du site classée au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO des falaises fossilifères de Joggins. La présence de trois taxons est confirmée : Pygocephalus cooperi, le Pygocephalus cf. cooperi et Pygocephalus dubius. Les pygocéphalomorphes des falaises de Joggins, et de façon plus générale de la Nouvelle-Écosse, étaient probablement des marcheurs benthiques, d’après la morphologie de leurs appendices et les indices paléoichnologiques. Une comparaison des assemblages étudiés avec ceux déjà connus du Mississippien au Canada révèle un renouvellement faunique entre ces assemblages, lequel pourrait témoigner de changements paléoenvironnementaux au Canada atlantique durant le Carbonifère, et par conséquent de différentes affinités écologiques entre les taxons. Nous avons également observé trois types de microstructures sur le bouclier du Pygocephalus dubius : des pores en forme de canaux, très probablement des canaux d’organules, des pores d'attachement des soies et une ornementation réticulaire polygonale.
Appendices
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