Abstracts
Abstract
A narrow (<1 m) fine- to medium-grained lamprophyre dyke intruded Neoproterozoic monzodiorite on the eastern side of Machias Seal Island in the northern Gulf of Maine about 19 km southwest of the island of Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada. The dyke is near-vertical and trends 015° to 025°, with two shoreline exposures about 680 m apart assumed to be the same dyke. The dyke is notably dark and dense, with a granular broken surface. Thin sections reveal abundant euhedral outlines of olivine pseudomorphs in a groundmass of small (<0.2 mm) grains of brown amphibole (kaersutite) and augite, with ocelli and interstitial patches of albite, calcite, and analcite. The olivine phenocrysts have been completely replaced by chlorite, whereas other ferromagnesian minerals remain unaltered. Accessory minerals include abundant needle-shaped apatite, magnetite, and cubic pyrite. Another small dyke on the western side of the island is less mafic, non-porphyritic, and consists of fine- to medium-grained plagioclase and clinopyroxene, which are highly altered; we interpret it to be unrelated to the lamprophyre dyke to the east. Whole-rock chemistry shows that the lamprophyre dyke is camptonite, similar to some Mesozoic lamprophyre dykes of Maritime Canada and New England, USA, of which the nearest example is about 110 km to the southwest in coastal Maine. Laser fusion 40Ar/39Ar analyses of single kaersutite crystals (n = 12) yield an age distribution with a single, well-defined mode of ca. 468 Ma; incremental heating analyses of small aliquots of crystals show evidence of some radiogenic 40Ar loss and yield a mean plateau age of 478.7 ± 1.9 Ma. This Early Ordovician age and the accompanying uncertainty are interpreted to represent the time of crystallization for the camptonite dyke. The camptonite of Machias Seal Island is older than other Paleozoic and Mesozoic mafic dykes in the region. It is interpreted to be the product of partial melting of a metasomatised mantle during the Penobscot orogeny.
Keywords:
- lamprophyre dyke,
- camptonite,
- Gulf of Maine,
- Ordovician dyke
Résumé
Un dyke de lamprophyre étroit (<1 m), à grain fin à moyen, a pénétré de la jotunite néoprotérozoïque sur le côté est de l’île Machias Seal, dans le nord du golfe du Maine, à environ 19 km au sud-ouest de l’île Grand Manan, Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada. Le dyke est quasi vertical et affiche une orientation de 015° à 025°; il comporte deux affleurements littoraux espacés d’environ 700 m qui sont censés correspondre au même dyke. Il est remarquablement sombre et dense, et il a une surface fracturée granulaire. Des lames minces révèlent de nombreux profils euédriques de pseudomorphes d’olivine, dans une matrice composée de petits grains (<0,2 mm) d’amphibole brune (kaersutite) et d’augite, avec des ocelles et des parcelles interstitielles d’albite, de calcite et d’analcite. Les phénocristaux d’olivine ont été complètement remplacés par de la chlorite tandis que les autres minéraux ferromagnésiens demeurent inchangés. Les minéraux accessoires comprennent une abondance d’apatite en aiguilles, de magnétite et de pyrite cubique. Un autre petit dyke situé sur le côté ouest de l’île est moins mafique, non porphyrique et constitué de plagioclase et de clinopyroxène à grain fin à moyen, fortement altérés; nous l’interprétons comme un élément qui n’est pas lié au dyke de lamprophyre à l’est. La composition chimique de la roche totale révèle que le dyke de lamprophyre est de la camptonite, comme certains dykes mésozoïques de lamprophyre des Maritimes et de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, aux États-Unis, dont l’exemple le plus proche se trouve à environ 110 km au sud-ouest, le long de la côte du Maine. Des analyses par fusion laser 40Ar/39Ar de cristaux individuels de kaersutite (n = 12) fournissent une distribution par âge, ainsi qu’un mode unique bien défini d’environ 468 Ma; des analyses par chauffage différentiel de menues aliquotes de cristaux affichent des signes de perte d’40Ar radiogénique et procurent des âges plateaux de 478,7 ± 1,9 Ma. Cette datation de l’Ordovicien précoce et l’incertitude qui l’accompagne sont interprétées comme des caractéristiques représentant le moment de la cristallisation du dyke de camptonite. La camptonite de l’île Machias Seal est plus ancienne que les autres dykes mafiques paléozoïques et mésozoïques de la région, du point de vue de la chronologie et du contexte tectonique; elle est, par ailleurs, considérée comme le produit d’une fusion partielle d’un manteau métasomatisé apparu au cours de l’orogenèse de Penobscot.
Mots-clés :
- dyke de lamprophyre,
- camptonite,
- golfe du Maine,
- dyke ordovicien
Appendices
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