Abstracts
Abstract
Analysis of multibeam sonar and LiDAR data permits interpretation of submarine landforms in eastern Northumberland Strait, part of the St. Lawrence Estuary system, eastern Canada. Landforms are interpreted in the light of multiple forcing mechanisms, principally: (1) glaciation; (2) postglacial relative sea-level fluctuations; (3) spatial variability of tidal currents; and (4) modern sea-ice impact. Bedrock exposures testify to relatively thin glacial sediments. Glacial landforms comprise ribbed moraines and glacial meltwater channels. The study area was emergent in the early Holocene, as evidenced by fluvial channels and former lakes in the Cape Tormentine area. Today, spatially varying tidal forces are strong determinants of geomorphology, and several landforms zones are identified: (1) tidal-swept zones at Abegweit Passage and Caribou, characterized by seafloor scour and scattered bedform fields; (2) the area of weak tidal circulation between the Abegweit and Caribou zones ‒ a low-relief sediment depocenter with littoral zone ridge-and-runnel beach systems, and estuaries; (3) transition zones located between the central depocenter and the tidal-current zones feature sediment drifts; (4) the tidal gyre at East Point, Prince Edward Island, which has formed Milne Bank; and (5) an area east of Caribou, where weaker tidal forces and stronger wave influence are evidenced by alongshore transport embayments between Milne Bank and Souris and the east-facing coast north of Cape Bear, where sediment is trapped in compartments isolated from one another. Modern sea-ice disturbance of the seabed (range -1 to -8 m) is most extensive in the Pictou Banks area.
Résumé
L’analyse des données produites par les sonars multifaisceaux et des données LiDAR permet d’interpréter les reliefs sous-marins dans l’est du détroit de Northumberland, qui fait partie de l’estuaire du Saint -Laurent, dans l’est du Canada. On interprète ces reliefs à la lumière de plusieurs mécanismes de forçage, principalement : (1) la glaciation; (2) les fluctuations relatives postglaciaires du niveau de la mer; (3) la variabilité spatiale des courants de marée; (4) l’impact de la glace de mer. L’affleurement des substratums rocheux témoigne de la relative minceur des sédiments glaciaires. Les paysages glaciaires sont composés de moraines côtelées et de chenaux d’eau de fonte glaciaire. La zone d’étude était émergente au début de l’Holocène, comme en témoignent les chenaux fluviaux et les anciens lacs de la région du cap Tormentine. Aujourd’hui, les forces de marée dont l’étendue varie sont d’importants déterminants de la géomorphologie, et plusieurs zones de reliefs ont été relevées: (1) les zones balayées par les marées au passage Abegweit et à Caribou, caractérisées par l’érosion du fond marin et des champs de formes de fond dispersés; (2) la zone de faible circulation des marées entre les zones d’Abegweit et de Caribou - un dépocentre de sédiments à faible relief, avec des systèmes de plages littorales à crêtes et rigoles, et des estuaires; (3) les zones de transition situées entre le dépocentre central et les zones de courant de marée, caractérisées par des amas de sédiments; (4) le tourbillon de marée d’East Point (Île-du-Prince-Édouard), qui a formé le banc Milne;(5) une zone située à l’est de Caribou, où la faiblesse des forces maréales et la forte influence des vagues sont mises en évidence par les échancrures de transport littorales entre le banc Milne et Souris et la côte est au nord du Cape Bear, où les sédiments sont piégés dans des compartiments isolés les uns des autres. C’est dans la région de Pictou Banks que la perturbation de la glace de mer du plancher océanique (de l’ordre de -1 à -8 m) est la plus marquée.
Appendices
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