Abstracts
Abstract
Bathymetric surveys of two small lakes in Newfoundland, located in different environments and separated by hundreds of kilometres, were carried out using two different survey methods—ground penetrating radar (GPR) and sound navigation and ranging (sonar). The different structures of these two disparate ponds were found to be related to the differing geology and degrees of anthropogenic influence at the two locations. In addition, the study outlined the strengths and limitations of the two survey methods. Tipping’s Pond, on the outskirts of the town of Corner Brook in western Newfoundland, is a sinkhole in a popular recreation area. It is roughly square with an area of 1.6 km2 and is slightly salty, making it largely impenetrable by radar. Bathymetric surveys with a salinity-impervious fish-finder sonar system revealed Tipping’s Pond to be bowl-shaped and more than 25 m deep in the centre. Grassy Pond, 3 km inland from the Trans-Canada Highway in eastern Newfoundland, is within an undeveloped area accessible by snowmobile in the winter. It has an irregular, elongated shape 1.2 km2 in area and is very fresh. As well as determining the bathymetry, GPR was able to determine the depth of a soft sediment layer overlying till, and to image structures within the soft sediments. The top of the sediment layer is undulating and shallow (<2.9 m deep) whereas the base of the sediments overlies sub-basins about 8 m deep.
Résumé
Des relevés bathymétriques de deux petits lacs situés dans des environnements distincts à Terre-Neuve et séparés par des centaines de kilomètres, ont été réalisés au moyen de deux méthodes différentes : le radar à pénétration de sol (RPS) et le sonar. Les structures différentes des deux étendues d’eau ont révélé des liens étroits avec la géologie locale qui diffère et les degrés d’influence anthropique aux deux endroits. L’étude a en outre mis en évidence les forces et les limites des deux méthodes de relèvement. Le bassin Tipping’s, en périphérie de la ville de Corner Brook dans l’ouest de Terre-Neuve, est un gouffre naturel intégré à une aire de loisirs populaire. De forme globalement carrée, il a une superficie de 1,6 km² et abrite une eau légèrement salée, ce qui le rend presque imperméable au radar. Les relevés bathymétriques réalisés à l’aide d’un sonar détecteur de poissons insensible à la salinité ont révélé que le bassin Tipping’s est une cuvette ayant plus de 25 mètres de profondeur en son centre. L’étang Grassy, à environ 3 km à l’intérieur des terres depuis la Transcanadienne dans l’est de Terre-Neuve, se trouve dans une zone peu développée accessible en motoneige durant l’hiver. L’étang d’eau très douce a une forme irrégulière et allongée, et une superficie de 1,2 km². Le RPS a permis de mesurer la bathymétrie, mais aussi la profondeur d’une couche de sédiments meubles recouvrant du till et d’imager les structures internes de ces sédiments. Le sommet de la couche de sédiments est ondulé et peu profond (< 2,9 m) tandis que sa base repose sur des sous-bassins ayant environ 8 m de profondeur.
Appendices
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