Abstracts
Résumé
À partir d’un modèle de gravité en données de panel, nous estimons les effets sur les exportations du contrôle des émissions de CO2 d’un pays relativement à ses partenaires. Pour la première fois dans une étude sur la restriction environnementale, le modèle introduit des variables muettes correspondant aux flux commerciaux internes et externes aux groupes régionaux. Loin de pénaliser les exportations, la diminution des émissions de CO2 s’avère bénéfique aux performances extérieures des entreprises (1986-2003). Cet effet est renforcé dans un contexte d’intégration régionale. Cela vient conforter l’hypothèse de Porter, selon laquelle la politique environnementale stimule l’innovation et in fine la productivité moyenne d’une économie. Les accords internationaux sur le climat apparaissent ainsi comme une occasion de réorienter favorablement les économies nationales vers les technologies et les produits économes en énergie fossile.
Abstract
Basing our study on a gravity model using panel data, we estimate the effects on exports of the progress achieved by a country as regards CO2 emissions in relation to its partners. For the first time in such an issue, the model includes dummy variables corresponding to the internal and external trade flows of regional groups. The decrease in CO2 emissions does not penalize exports (1986-2003), but on the contrary is found to be favourable to firms’ export results. This effect is higher in the context of regional integration. It backs up the Porter hypothesis, according to which the environmental policy stimulates the innovation and then the average productivity of an economy. International agreements on climate thus appear as an opportunity to reorient national economies beneficially towards fossil energy-sparing technologies and products.
Appendices
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