Résumés
Abstract
This paper examines the rise of antisemitism in contemporary Canada and explores some emerging social trends that may exacerbate and enable it. Specifically, the rise and maintenance of antisemitism in Canada may be, in part, due to the multifaceted diversification of the West known as super-diversity, as well as increasing political polarization. By examining super-diversity and its implications, this paper explores the connections between immigration and diversification, the growth of political polarization, and the rise in antisemitism across Canada. This paper argues how the aforementioned social trends may lead to the existence of more antisemitic manifestations and motivations in Canada. Of particular concern is the importation of certain anti-Israel and anti-Zionist biases found within populations arriving in Canada and coming from parts of the world where tensions with Israel are present. Additionally, political polarization heightens intergroup tensions in Canada and may foster a broader atmosphere of prejudice.
Keywords:
- antisemitism in Canada,
- social trends,
- super-diversity,
- immigration,
- political polarization
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Biographical note
Megan Hollinger is a PhD Candidate in Religious Studies at the University of Ottawa. Her research examines social and community strategies for combating antisemitism in contemporary Canada and her research specialties include antisemitism studies and sociology of religion. Megan teaches about antisemitism and Canadian Jewry at the University of Ottawa, as well as about the Holocaust at Carleton University. She is currently a Student Caucus member of the Nonreligion and a Complex Future project, housed at the University of Ottawa, as well as the Treasurer and Membership Chair for the Association for Canadian Jewish Studies.
Bibliography
- “Annual Audit of Antisemitic Incidents 2023.” Toronto: B’nai Brith Canada, 2024.
- “Annual Audit of Antisemitic Incidents 2017.” Toronto: B’nai Brith Canada, 2018.
- Arnold, Sina. "From Occupation to Occupy: Antisemitism and the Contemporary Left in the United States." In Deciphering the New Antisemitism, ed. Alvin H. Rosenfeld, 375-404. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.
- Beck, Ulrich. World at Risk. English edition. Cambridge; Malden: Polity Press, 2009.
- Brym, Robert. “Chapter 2: Attitudes toward Jews.” Canadian Jewish Studies Special issue: Jews and Israel 2024: A Survey of Canadian Attitudes and Jewish Perceptions 37 (2024): 26-42.
- Brym, Robert. “Chapter 3: Attitudes toward Israel.” Canadian Jewish Studies Special issue: Jews and Israel 2024: A Survey of Canadian Attitudes and Jewish Perceptions 37 (2024): 43-55.
- Brym, Robert. “Chapter 4: How Strongly are the Two Sets of Attitudes Correlated?” Canadian Jewish Studies Special issue: Jews and Israel 2024: A Survey of Canadian Attitudes and Jewish Perceptions 37 (2024): 56-60.
- Celemencki, Jacqueline. “A Brief History of Antisemitism in Canada.” Montreal: Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre, 2015.
- Cotler, Irwin. “Human Rights and the New Anti-Jewishness: Sounding the Alarm.” Alert Paper No. 1. Jerusalem: The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, 2002.
- Davidman, Lynn. “The New Voluntarism and the Case of Unsynagogued Jews.” In Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives, edited by Nancy T. Ammerman, 51-68. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2023. “The Daily — Police-Reported Hate Crime, 2021.” March 22, 2023. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230322/dq230322a-eng.htm.
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2022a. "Ethnocultural and religious diversity – 2021 Census promotional material." October 26, 2022. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/census/census-engagement/community-supporter/ethnocultural-and-religious-diversity.
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2022b. "The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity." October 26, 2022. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026b-eng.htm.
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2018. “Ethnic Diversity and Immigration.” January 17, 2018. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-402-x/2011000/chap/imm/imm-eng.htm.
- Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites. 5th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999.
- Ling, Justin. “Far and Widening: The Rise of Polarization in Canada.” Ottawa: The Public Policy Institute, 2023.
- Litvak, Meir, and Esther Webman. “Israel and Antisemitism.” In Antisemitism: A History, edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy, 237–249. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Litvak, Meir, and Esther Webman. From Empathy to Denial: Arab Reponses to the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
- Livingstone, Andrew. 2013. “Everyday Hate: The Chilling Rise of White Supremacy in Canada: How the Conservative Government’s Immigration Rhetoric, the Internet, and an Anti-Violence Rebranding Give the Movement New Power.” This Magazine 46:5 (2013): 24-29. http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/ps/i.do?&id=GALE|A325091428&v=2.1&u=otta77973&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w.
- Marcus, Kenneth L. "The Ideology of the New Antisemitism." In Deciphering the New Antisemitism, ed. Alvin H. Rosenfeld, 21-42. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.
- Prutschi, Manuel. “Anti-Semitism in Canada.” Jewish Political Studies Review 16:3/4 (2004): 105-117.
- Robertson, Roland. Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 1992.
- Robinson, Ira. A History of Antisemitism in Canada. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2015.
- Rosenfeld, Alvin H. (Editor). Deciphering the New Antisemitism. 1st ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.
- Scheffer, Paul. Immigrant Nations. Cambridge; Malden: Polity Press, 2011.
- Schmidtke, Oliver. “Citizenship and Multiculturalism in the 21st Century: The Changing Face of Social, Cultural, and Civic Inclusion.” Working Paper Series. Centre for Excellence for Research on Immigration and Diversity 12:6 (August 2012).
- Vertovec, Steven. “Super-Diversity and Its Implications.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30:6 (2007): 1024–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870701599465.