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Résumés
Résumé
Les zones humides indiennes sont sujettes à de fortes transformations socio-environnementales dont les causes se déploient à de multiples échelles dans les cas présentés dans cette étude. Changer le mode de gouvernance des ressources naturelles s’avère essentiel pour limiter les impacts sociaux négatifs des dégradations environnementales. Les approches passées et présentes sont toutes à la recherche d’une échelle commune à laquelle la gestion des ressources naturelles serait optimale : le local, le régional, le national. Mais, les relations entre sociétés et environnement se définissent à de multiples échelles pouvant éventuellement se recouper. Dans une telle perspective et à la lumière de notre étude, une véritable gouvernance polycentrique se devrait donc d’être conçue sur la base de multiples espaces délibératifs pour permettre l’émergence d’un espace démocratique qui faciliterait la coordination d’intérêts multiples.
Mots-clés :
- socio-environnement,
- gouvernance,
- pluralisme,
- enjeux politiques,
- Inde
Abstract
Indian wetlands have witnessed dramatic socio-environmental transformations whose drivers unfold at multiple scales. Changes in the structure of governance of natural resources are needed. Past and current approaches are based on the assumption that a commonly defined level at which management would be optimal do exist be it the local, the regional, or the national, etc. But, the relationships that societies nurture with their environment unfold at multiple and sometimes overlapping levels: true polycentric governance is based on the recognition that multiple claims and values are a reality of natural resources management: nested arenas of negotiation are needed to create a democratic space where multiple voices can be considered in the decision-making process.
Keywords:
- socio-environment,
- governance,
- pluralism,
- politics,
- India
Parties annexes
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