Résumés
Résumé
La santé mentale est une préoccupation mondiale importante de santé publique comme en témoigne le Plan d’action pour la santé mentale 2013-2020 de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Selon la Commission de la santé mentale du Canada (2012), un Canadien sur cinq sera aux prises avec un problème de santé mentale au cours de sa vie et l’OMS indique que les troubles liés à la santé mentale sont au 2e rang en termes de coût de morbidité derrière les maladies du coeur. Parmi les avenues envisagées pour répondre à ce problème, il est de plus en plus reconnu que l’activité physique, en plus de son impact démontré sur la santé physique, a des vertus psychologiques positives qui touchent plusieurs dimensions de la santé mentale. Sur la base d’une recension de recherches montrant les vertus de l’activité physique en lien avec la santé mentale (humeur, anxiété, stress, dépression, estime de soi, sentiment d’efficacité, performances cognitives, effets somatiques), cet article propose un modèle biopsychosocial sur les bienfaits psychologiques de l’activité physique qui participeraient à augmenter l’état de bien-être individuel, de santé mentale optimale, en favorisant la réalisation du plein potentiel et en augmentant les ressources psychologiques devant les difficultés normales de la vie ou l’adversité. Si le modèle ouvre la voie sur des hypothèses pour la recherche, il s’inscrit également dans la visée générale de promouvoir la pratique de l’activité physique sur la base de ses vertus psychologiques pour la santé mentale optimale.
Mots-clés :
- santé mentale,
- activité physique,
- bienfaits psychologiques,
- promotion
Abstract
Mental health is a worldwide public health concern, as can be seen from the WHO’s comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2020 which was adopted by the 66th World Health Assembly. According to the Mental health commission of Canada (2012), one in five Canadians will personally experience a mental illness in their lifetime, and the WHO shows that mental illness represents the second most prevalent risk of morbidity after heart disease. Physical activity certainly provides an answer to this problem. Physical activity has been shown to improve physical health but it is also one of the most natural and accessible means to improve mental health. The aim of the present article is to propose a biopsychosocial model on the basis of a literature review on the psychological benefits of physical activity. In view of the findings we assume that physical activity increases mental well-being and optimal mental health as opposed to poor mental health. Hence, physical activity provides a state of well-being that enables individuals to realize their own potential, and that helps to cope with the normal stresses of life or adversity. The model certainly opens the way for research and new hypothesis, but it also aims at the promotion of the benefits of physical activity on psychological well-being for optimal mental health.
Keywords:
- mental health,
- physical exercise,
- psychological benefits,
- promotion
Parties annexes
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