Résumés
Résumé
La discipline historique, possiblement plus que les autres sciences humaines, a eu un rapport difficile avec le défi postmoderne. Après un bref tour d’horizon nécessairement schématique des réflexions sur l’impact du postmodernisme sur la discipline historique, ce texte se penche sur un problème rarement soulevé en philosophie de l’histoire que le postmodernisme est venu poser avec une nouvelle acuité, celui du rapport non pas pratique, mais théorico-discursif que les historiens entretiennent avec leur savoir : l’exercice épistémologique. Nous soutenons que si les historiens ont longtemps valorisé l’absence de cet exercice au sein de leur discipline, le défi postmoderne a amené plusieurs d’entre eux à déplorer cette absence. C’est le rapport même des historiens à l’épistémologie qui se serait infléchi sous l’impulsion du postmodernisme. Au-delà de cette inflexion discursive majeure, nous concluons qu’il serait pertinent de s’interroger davantage sur les fonctions et les fins de l’exercice épistémologique au sein de la discipline historique, interrogation qui oblige à penser à nouveaux frais la vieille et épineuse question de la relation difficile entre histoire et philosophie.
Mots-clés :
- Postmodernisme,
- discipline historique,
- épistémologie,
- historiens,
- philosophie de l’histoire
Abstract
The discipline of history, probably more than the other disciplines in the humanities, has had to struggle with the postmodern challenge. After a necessarily short and simplified overview of the various thoughts on the impact postmodernism has had upon the historical discipline, this paper addresses a problem rarely raised in the philosophy of history, but which has been set out with a renewed acuteness by postmodernism: not the practical, but the theoretical and discursive relation historians have with their own knowledge, i.e. the epistemological exercise. I argue that while, for a long time, historians have applauded the epistemological exercise’s absence in their discipline, the postmodern challenge has led many of them to object to it. It is indeed the way historians relate to epistemology that has been deflected under the impulse of postmodernism. Beyond this major discursive deflection, I conclude that it would be relevant to reflect further on the purposes and the ends of the epistemology within the historical discipline. This reflection, in turn, invites us to rethink the old and thorny question of the fraught relationship between history and philosophy.
Keywords:
- Postmodernism,
- historical discipline,
- epistemology,
- historians,
- philosophy of history
Parties annexes
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