Résumés
Résumé
La police constitue l’une des principales professions de premiers répondants et l’exposition répétée à des événements potentiellement traumatisants (EPT) représente un facteur de risque important pour la santé mentale. Si la littérature internationale documente le stress traumatique chez les policiers, peu d’études portent sur les policiers belges francophones à partir d’un protocole indépendant du milieu policier. Cette étude investigue la prévalence et les facteurs associés au stress traumatique auprès de policiers belges francophones, en tenant compte des caractéristiques des EPT, des ressources mobilisées, ainsi que d’autres problématiques connexes telles que le traumatisme secondaire et l’épuisement professionnel. L’échantillon comprend 208 policiers issus de 16 Zones de Police Locale et d’un service de la Police Judiciaire Fédérale (69 % d’hommes; Mâge = 41,09 ans; É.-T. = 9,18). Le protocole reposait sur un entretien structuré incluant la Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), le Questionnaire d’évaluation du traumatisme psychique (TraumaQ) et l’Échelle de qualité de vie professionnelle (ProQOL). Les résultats indiquent un faible taux de stress aigu (13,9 %), mais une prévalence importante du stress post-traumatique (44,2 %), principalement de niveau léger. Près de 15 % présentent toutefois un niveau moyen à élevé nécessitant un soutien psychologique accru. Les policiers rapportent également un niveau modéré d’épuisement professionnel. Enfin, les participant rapportent mobiliser davantage des ressources informelles (collègues, proches) que des aides professionnelles. Ces résultats rejoignent en grande partie les tendances de la littérature internationale et sont mis en perspective au regard des besoins d’aide psychologique en milieu policier belge.
Mots-clés :
- Stress post-traumatique,
- stress,
- événements potentiellement traumatiques,
- police,
- soutien psychologique
Abstract
Policing is one of the primary first-responder professions and repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) constitutes a significant risk factor for mental health problems. Although traumatic stress among police officers has been widely documented in the international literature, few studies have focused on French-speaking Belgian police officers using a protocol independent from police institutions. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of traumatic stress among French-speaking Belgian police officers, considering the characteristics of PTEs, the formal and informal resources mobilized, and related mental health outcomes such as secondary traumatic stress and burnout The sample included 208 police officers from 16 Local Police Districts and one Federal Judicial Police service (69 % male; Mage = 41,09 years, SD = 9,18). Data collection relied on a structured interview protocol including the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), the Psychological Trauma Assessment Questionnaire (TraumaQ), and the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL). Results indicate a low prevalence of acute stress (13,9 %) but a higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms (44,2 %), mainly at a mild level. Approximately 15 % of officers reported moderate-to-severe PTSD symptoms, suggesting a greater need for psychological support. Participants also showed low levels of secondary traumatic stress but moderate levels of burnout. Officers relied more frequently on informal support resources (colleagues and relatives) than on professional psychological services. These findings are consistent with trends reported in the international literature and highlight the importance of strengthening psychological support interventions within the Belgian police context.
Keywords:
- posttraumatic stress,
- stress,
- potentially traumatic events,
- police,
- psychological support
Parties annexes
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