Résumés
Abstract
This essay examines a distinct shift in William Blake’s thoughts on empire, and argues that his Laocoön separate plate marks the culmination of his revised views. While Blake initially distinguished negative, commercial and tyrannical forms of empire from positive, non-tyrannical forms of empire that he conceived of as founded upon the arts, he subsequently did away with these distinctions, and came to see an irremediable link between imperial and commercial worlds. By situating Blake’s changing views on empire against the backdrop of the empire-building of Napoleon as it relates to the appropriation of art, this essay clarifies the particular focus on empire and commerce of so many of the Laocoön separate plate’s inscriptions.
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Anon. “L’Artiste Français Pleurant les Chances de la Guerre.” 1815. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
- Bainbridge, Simon. Napoleon and English Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995.
- [Baltard, Louis-Pierre]. Hommage d’un artiste, aux armées de la République. N.p., n.d.
- Bentley, G. E., Jnr. “Blake and Napoleon Rediivivus.” Notes and Queries 236 (ns 38) (1991): 293–94.
- Bentley, G. E., Jnr. Blake Books: Annotated Catalogues of William Blake’s Writings in Illuminated Printing, in Conventional Typography and in Manuscript. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
- Bentley, G. E., Jnr. Blake Records. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
- Bentley, G. E., Jnr. The Stranger from Paradise: A Biography of William Blake. New Haven and London: Yale UP for the Paul Mellon Centre, 2001.
- Canova, Antonio. “The Fine Arts.” The London Courier 7208 (October 16, 1815): n. pag.
- Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “A Comparison of the Present State of France with that of Rome under Julius and Augustus Caesar.” September 21, 1802. The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Vol. 3. Essays on His Times in The Morning Post and The Courier. Part. I. Ed. David V. Erdman. Bollingen Ser. 75. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978. 311–339.
- [Combe, William]. The Life of Napoleon: A Hudibrastic Poem, in Fifteen Cantos, by Doctor Syntax Embellished With Engravings by G. Cruikshank. London, 1815.
- Croly, George. “Paris in 1815. A Poem, in Two Parts.” The Poetical Works of the Rev. George Croly: In Two Volumes. Vol. 1. London, 1830. xvi, 1–130.
- Cunningham, Allan. The Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. 5 vols. London, 1830.
- Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, Jean René Gaborit, and Alain Pasquier, eds. D’Après l’antique [exhibition catalogue, Paris, Musée du Louvre, 16 Oct. 2000–15 Jan. 2001]. Paris: Reunioun des Musées, 2000.
- The Cyclopaedia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Ed. Abraham Rees. 45 vols.. London, [1802–1820].
- Dallaway, James. Anecdotes of the Arts in England; or, Comparative Remarks on Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, Chiefly Illustrated by Specimens at Oxford. London, 1800.
- La Decade Philosophique, Litteraire et Politique 32 (An VI, IVme Trimestre, 20 Thermidor).
- Eaves, Morris. The Counter-Arts Conspiracy: Art and Industry in the Age of Blake. Ithaca and London: Cornell UP, 1992.
- Eaves, Morris. William Blake’s Theory of Art. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1982.
- Erdman, David V., ed. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake. By William Blake. Rev. ed. New York: Doubleday, 1988.
- Erdman, David V., ed. Blake: Prophet against Empire: a Poet’s Interpretation of the History of his Own Times. 3rd ed. Princeton & Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1977.
- Essick, Robert N. William Blake’s Commercial Book Illustrations. A Catalogue and Study of the Plates Engraved by Blake after Designs by Other Artists. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
- Essick, Robert N, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. William Blake: “Milton a Poem” and the Final Illuminated Works. The Illuminated Books ser. Vol. 5. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, for The William Blake Trust, 1993.
- “French Papers (Paris, Sept. 28).” The London Courier 7197 (3 October 1815): n. pag.
- Godwin, William. St. Leon: A Tale of the Sixteenth Century. Vol. 2. London, 1799.
- Gould, Cecil. Trophy of Conquest: the Musée Napoléon and the Creation of the Louvre. London: Faber and Faber, 1965.
- [Grandmaison, Aubin Louis Millin de]. Medaillic History of Napoleon: a Collection of all the Medals, Coins, and Jettons, Relating to His Actions and Reign: From the Year 1796 to 1815. Ed. [J. Millinger]. London, 1819.
- Hemans, Felicia Dorothea Browne. “The Restoration of the Works of Art to Italy.” 1816. The Works of Mrs. Hemans; With a Memoir of Her Life, by Her Sister. In Seven Volumes. Vol. 2. Edinburgh & London: W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh; Thomas Cadell: London, 1839. 148–66.
- Huddesford, George. Bonaparte; An Heroic Ballad: With a Sermon in Its Belly, Which That Renowned Warrior and Most Reverend Theologian Preached at His Visitation of the Good People of Egypt: With Explanatory Notes: By the Editor of Salmagundi. London, 1803.
- Irwin, David. John Flaxman 1733–1826. Sculptor, Illustrator, Designer. London: Studio Vista / Christie’s, 1979.
- Jenkinson, Robert, Earl of Liverpool. Letter, Lord Liverpool to Lord Castlereagh, August 3, 1815. Correspondence, Despatches, and Other Papers, of Viscount Castlereagh, Second Marquess of Londonderry, Vol. 10. Ed. Charles William Vane. London, 1852.
- Larrabee, Stephen. English Bards and Grecian Marbles. New York: Columbia UP, 1943.
- The London Courier 7197 (October 3, 1815): n. pag.
- Mainardi, Patricia. “Assuring the Empire of the Future: The 1798 Fête de la Liberté.” Art Journal 48.1 (Spring 1989): 155–63.
- Mathias, Thomas James. The pursuits of literature. A satirical poem in four dialogues, with notes. 7th ed. London, 1798.
- McClellan, Andrew. Inventing the Louvre: Art, Politics, and the Origins of the Modern Museum in Eighteenth-Century Paris. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.
- Paice, Rosamund A. “Blake and a ‘curious hypothesis.’” Notes & Queries 245 (ns 47) (2000): 308–311.
- Paice, Rosamund A. “Encyclopaedic Resistance: Blake, Rees’s Cyclopaedia, and the Laocoön Separate Plate.” Blake Quarterly 37.3 (autumn 2003): 44–62.
- Paley, Morton D. The Traveller in the Evening: The Last Works of William Blake. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 2003.
- Paley, Morton D. “ה י & his two Sons Satan & Adam.” Studies in Romanticism 41 (Summer 2002): 201–235.
- Paley, Morton D. “‘Wonderful Originals’: Blake and Ancient Sculpture.” Blake in His Time. Ed. Robert N. Essick and Donald Pearce. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1978. 170–97.
- “Pétition d’artists au Directoire exécutif, 28 thermidor an IV.” Archives Nationale, Paris: F17 1279, doss. 1.
- Quynn, Dorothy MacKay. “The Art Confiscations of the Napoleonic Wars.” The American Historical Review 50 (1945): 437–460.
- Le Rédacteur 956 (11 Thermidor, An 6).
- Shee, Martin Archer. Elements of Art, A Poem; in Six Cantos; with Notes and a Preface; Including Strictures on the State of the Arts, Criticism, Patronage, and Public Taste. London, 1809.
- Tatham, Charles Heathcote. Etchings, Representing the Best Examples of Ancient Ornamental Architecture; Drawn from the Originals in Rome, and Other Parts of Italy, During the Years 1794, 1795, and 1796. London, 1799 [1800].
- Taylor, Francis Henry. The Taste of Angels: a History of Art Collecting from Rameses to Napoleon. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948.
- Thelwall, John. “The Hope of Albion.” 1801. Poems, Chiefly Written in Retirement: The Fairy of the Lake, a Dramatic Romance: Effusions of Relative and Social Feeling: and Specimens of the Hope of Albion, or, Edwin of Northumbria, an Epic Poem. 2nd ed. Hereford, [1805?]. 177–202.
- Viscomi, Joseph. Blake and the Idea of the Book. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1993.
- “The Works of Art.” The London Courier 7205 (Oct. 12, 1815): n. pag.