Résumés
Résumé
L’histoire des Innus dans la péninsule du Québec-Labrador remonte à au moins 8000 ans, comme en témoignent les « légendes » innues (atanukana) et l’archéologie. Même anémiées par les millénaires, les histoires qu’on nous raconte, comme Kautuasukuaniskuanast (histoire du petit garçon qui a ramené l’été et qui est devenu le Bruant à couronne blanche), sont des paraboles de l’histoire innue qui documentent l’arrivée des ancêtres innus à l’époque périglaciaire dans le Nitassinan. Les institutions coloniales se sont appropriées l’histoire récente. Elles présentent le passé (comme le présent et le futur) comme appartenant aux nouveaux arrivants français (mishtikushuat) et britanniques (akaneshauat). Les Innus sont totalement absents de cette histoire sauf comme figurants d’un tableau héroïque mettant en vedette d’intrépides « explorateurs » et aventuriers français et britanniques. L’archéologie peut contribuer à « ramener l’été » et peut-être permettre de raconter l’histoire innue non écrite en reconnaissant et en corrigeant le déséquilibre du pouvoir entre les versions occidentale et autochtone du passé.
Mots-clés :
- histoire ancienne des Innus,
- atanukana,
- archéologie autochtone,
- péninsule du Québec-Labrador,
- Caribou House Project
Abstract
The Innu have a history in the Québec-Labrador peninsula which reaches back at least 8000 years as testified by Innu atanukana (“legends”) and archaeology. Though muffled by millennia, the stories people tell, such as Kautuasukuaniskuanast (the boy who brought back the summer and who was transformed into the White-Crowned Sparrow), are parables of Innu history that document the arrival of Innu ancestors in the periglacial world of Nitassinan. More recent history has been appropriated by colonial institutions presenting the past (like the present and the future) as belonging to the newly arrived French (mishtikushuat) and English (akaneshauat). Other than as part of the backdrop to a heroic tableau involving intrepid French and English “explorers” and adventurers, the Innu are thoroughly absent. Archaeology has the potential to help “bring back the summer” and possibly give voice to an unwritten Innu history by recognizing and disrupting the unequal power dynamic between Western and Indigenous versions of the past.
Keywords:
- Innu deep history,
- Atanukana,
- Indigenous archaeology,
- Québec/Labrador peninsula,
- Caribou House Project
Resumen
La historia de los Innu en la península de Quebec-Labrador se remonta por lo menos a 8000 años atrás, como lo demuestran las “leyendas” Innu (atanukana) y la arqueología. Si bien debilitadas por milenios, las historias que nos cuentan, como Kautuasukuaniskuanast (la historia del niño que trajo el verano y se convirtió en el Gorrión de la Corona Blanca), son parábolas de la historia Innu que documentan la llegada de los antepasados en Nitassinan durante la era periglaciar. Las instituciones coloniales se han apropiado de la historia reciente. Presentan el pasado (así como el presente y el futuro) como pertenecientes a los recién llegados franceses (mishtikushuat) y británicos (akaneshauat). Los Innu están totalmente ausentes de esta historia, excepto como extras en una pintura heroica que presenta “exploradores” intrépidos y aventureros franceses y británicos. La arqueología puede contribuir a “recuperar el verano” y quizás ayudar a contar la historia no escrita de los Innu, reconociendo y corrigiendo el desequilibrio de poder entre las versiones occidental e indígena del pasado.
Palabras clave:
- historia antigua de los Innu,
- atanukana,
- arqueología indígena,
- península Quebec-Labrador,
- Proyecto Caribou House
Parties annexes
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