Résumés
Résumé
Les trois termes les plus fréquemment utilisés et qui sont associés à l’interdisciplinarité – multidisciplinarité, interdisciplinarité, transdisciplinarité – constitutent la principale taxinomie pour comprendre les degrés d’interaction et d’intégration entre les disciplines ainsi que les degrés de collaboration au sein des équipes de recherche. Les typologies distinguent également les activités méthodologiques qui visent à améliorer les résultats théoriques à la faveur d’une meilleure compréhension des enjeux épistémologiques. La construction d’un « pont » laisse intactes les approches existantes, alors que la restructuration produit de l’interdisciplinarité et des champs nouveaux. La résolution instrumentale ou opportuniste des problèmes diffère des formes critiques qui interrogent la structure existante de la connaissance et de l’éducation. La transdisciplinarité inclut la quête d’unité de même qu’un nouvel encadrement en vue de comprendre les phénomènes complexes et la recherche trans-sectorielle qui implique les acteurs de la société.
Mots-clés :
- Multidisciplinarité,
- interdisciplinarité,
- transdisciplinarité,
- intégration,
- collaboration
Abstract
The three most widely used terms associated with interdisciplinarity – multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary – constitute a core taxonomy for understanding the degree of interaction and integration among disciplines and the degree of collaboration in teamwork. Typologies further distinguish methodological activities aimed at improving results from theoretical frameworks which are of a more comprehensive or epistemological form. Bridge building leaves existing approaches intact, while restructuration produces new interdisciplines and fields. Instrumental or opportunistic problem solving differs from critical forms that question the existing structure of knowledge and education. Transdisciplinarity encompasses the quest for unity as well as new transcendent frameworks for understanding complex phenomena and trans-sector research involving stakeholders in society.
Keywords:
- Multidisciplinarity,
- interdisciplinarity,
- transdisciplinarity,
- integration,
- collaboration
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Apostel, Leo et al., Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972.
- Becher, Tony, Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Enquiry and the Cultures of Disciplines, Buckingham and Bristol, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 1989.
- Bennett, Douglas C., « Innovation in the Liberal Arts and Sciences », dans Robert Orrill (dir.), Education and Democracy: Re-imagining Liberal Learning in America, New York, The College Board, 1997, p. 131-149.
- Boden, Margaret A., « What is interdisciplinarity? », dans Richard Cunningham (dir.), Interdisciplinarity and the Organization of Knowledge in Europe, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999, p. 13-24.
- Boisot, Marcel, « Discipline and Interdisciplinarity », dans Leo Apostel et al.,Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 89-97.
- Bruun, Henrik, Janne Hukkinen, Katri Huutoniemi et Julie Thompson Klein (dir.), Promoting Interdisciplinary Research: The Case of the Academy of Finland, Publications of the Academy of Finland, Série n0 8/05, Helsinki, Academy of Finland, 2005.
- Burns, Rebecca C., Dissolving the Boundaries: Planning for Curriculum Integration in Middle and Secondary Schools, 2e éd., Charleston, WV, Appalachia Educational Laboratory, 1999.
- Cozzens, Susan E., « Making Disciplines Disappear in STS », dans Stephen H. Cutcliffe et Carl Mitcham (dir.), Visions of STS: Counterpoints in Science, Technology, and Society Studies, Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, 2001, p. 51-64.
- Dogan, Mattei et Robert Pahre, Creative Marginality: Innovation at the Intersections of Social Sciences, Boulder, Westview Press, 1990.
- Dölling, Irene et Sabine Hark, « She Who Speaks Shadow Speaks Truth: Transdisciplinarity in Women’s and Gender Studies », Signs, vol. 25, no 4, 2002, p. 1195-1198.
- Funtowicz, Silvio O. et Jerome R. Ravetz, « The Emergence of Post-normal Science », dans René von Schomberg, Science, Politics, and Morality: Scientific Uncertainty and Decision Making, Dordrecht, Kluwer, 1993, p. 85-123.
- Geertz, Clifford, « Blurred Genres: the Refiguration of Social Thought », American Scholar, vol. 42, no 2, 1980, p. l65-79
- Gibbons, Michael, Camille Limoges, Helga Nowothy, Simon Schwartzman, Peter Scott et Martin Trow (dir.), The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, London, Sage, 1994
- Gunn, Giles, « Interdisciplinary Studies », dans Joseph Gibaldi, Introduction to Scholarship in Modern Languages and Literatures, New York, Modern Language Association of America, 1992, p. 239-261.
- Heckhausen, Heinz, « Discipline and Interdisciplinarity », dans Leo Apostel et al. (dir.), Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 83-90.
- Hübenthal, Ursula, « Interdisciplinary Thought », Issues in Integrative Studies, vol. 12, 1994, p. 55-75.
- Jantsch, Erich, « Towards Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity in Education and Innovation », dans Leo Apostel et al., Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 97-121.
- Kann, Mark, « The Political Culture of Interdisciplinary Explanation », Humanities in Society, vol. 2, no 3, 1979, p. l85-300.
- Kellner, Douglas, Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern, London, Routledge, 1995.
- Kelly, James, « Wide and Narrow Interdisciplinarity », Journal of General Education, vol. 45, no 2, 1996, p. 95-113.
- Klein, Julie T., « A Taxonomy of Interdisciplinarity », dans Robert Frodeman, Julie T. Klein et Carl Mitcham (dir.), Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Klein, Julie T., Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinarity: The Changing American Academy, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2005.
- Kockelmans, Joseph J., « Science and Discipline: Some Historical and Critical Reflections », et « Why Interdisciplinarity? », dans Joseph J. Kockelmans (dir.), Interdisciplinarity and Higher Education, University Park, Pennsylvania University Press, 1979, p. 11-48, p. 123-60.
- Lambert, Richard, « Blurring the Disciplinary Boundaries: Area Studies in the United States », dans David Easton et Corinne Schelling (dir.), Divided Knowledge: Across Disciplines, Across Cultures, Newbury Park, CA, Sage, 1991, p. 171-194.
- Landau, Martin, Harold Proshansky et William Ittelson, « The Interdisciplinary Approach and the Concept of Behavioral Sciences », dans Nathan F. Washburne (dir.), Decisions: Values and Groups, New York, Pergamon, vol. 2, 1962, p. 7-25.
- Lattuca, Lisa, Creating Interdisciplinarity: Interdisciplinary Research and Teaching Among College and University Faculty, Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press, 2001.
- Leshner, Alan I., « Science at the Leading Edge », Science, vol. 303, no 5659, 2004, p. 729.
- Lichnerowicz, Andre, « Mathematic and Transdisciplinarity », dans Leo Apostel et al., Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 121-127.
- Mahan, Jack Lee, « Toward Transdisciplinary Inquiry in the Humane Sciences », PhD Dissertation, United States International University, 1970.
- Miller, Raymond, « Varieties of Interdisciplinary Approaches in the Social Sciences », Issues in Integrative Studies, vol. 1, 1982, p. 1-37.
- National Academies of Science, Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research, Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2004.
- Newell, William, « Professionalizing Interdisciplinarity: Literature Review and Research Agenda », dans William Newell (dir.), Interdisciplinarity: Essays from the Literature, New York, The College Board, 1998, p. 529-563.
- Nowotny, Helga, Peter Scott et Michael Gibbons, Re-thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty, Cambridge, UK, Polity Press, 2001.
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), The University and the Community : The Problems of Changing Relationships, Paris, 1982.
- Ostriker, Jeremiah P. et Charlotte V. Kuh, Assessing Research-doctorate Programs: A Methodology Study, Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2003.
- Ostriker, Jeremiah, Paul W. Holland, Charlotte V. Kuh et James A. Voytuk (dir.), A Guide to the Methodology of the National Research Council Assessment of Doctorate Programs, Washington, DC, The National Academies Press, 2009.
- Panel on Modernizing the Infrastructure of the National Science Foundation’s Federal Funds for R&D Survey, Federal Spending Data for Research and Development: a Pathway to Modernization, Washington, DC, The National Academies Press, 2010.
- Piaget, Jean, « The Epistemology of Interdisciplinary Relationships », dans Leo Apostel et al. (dir.), Interdisciplinarity: Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities, Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 127-139.
- Salter, Liora et Alison Hearn, Outside the Lines: Issues in Interdisciplinary Research, Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996.
- Schleifer, Ronald, « A New Kind of Work: Publishing, Theory, and Cultural Studies », dans David Shumway et Craig Dionne (dir.), Disciplining English: Alternative Histories, Critical Perspectives, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2002, p. 179-194.
- Simon, Elaine et Judith G. Goode, « Constraints on the Contribution of Anthropology to Interdisciplinary Policy Studies: Lessons from a Study of Saving Jobs in the Supermarket Industry », Urban Anthropology, vol. 18, no 1, 1989, p. 219-239.
- Smelser, Niel, « Interdisciplinarity in Theory and Practice », dans Charles Camic et Hans Joas (dir.), The Dialogical Turn: New Roles for Sociology in the Postdisciplinary Age, Lanham, MD, Bowman and Littlefield, 2004, p. 43-64.
- Stokols, Daniel, Brandie Taylor, Kara Hall et Richard Moser (dir.), « The Science of Team Science: Overview of the Conference and the Field », dans NCI/NIH Conference on the Science of Team Science: Assessing the Value of Transdisciplinary Research, Bethesda, MD, 30-31 octobre 2006.
- Tashakkori, Abbas et Charles Teddlie, « Major Issues and Controversies in the use of Mixed Methods in the Social and Behavioral Sciences », dans Charles Teddlie et Abbas Tashakkori (dir.), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social Behavioral Research, Thousand Oaks, Sage, 2003, p. 3-50.
- The Nuffield Foundation, The Interdisciplinarity: A Report by the Group for Research and Innovation in Higher Education, London, 1975.Transdisciplinarity Net. (2009), Transdisciplinarity Research Network; [en ligne] http://www.transdisciplinarity.ch/e/Transdisciplinarity/index.php.
- Turner, Bryan, « The Interdisciplinary Curriculum: From Social Medicine to Post-Modernism », Sociology of Health and Illness, vol. 12, 1990, p. 1-23.
- Vickers, Jill, « [U]framed in Open, Unmapped Fields’: Teaching and the Practice of Interdisciplinarity », Arachne: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Humanities, vol. 4, no 2, 1997, p. 11-42.
- Wagner, Caroline, David Roessner et Kamau Bobb, « Evaluating the Output of Interdisciplinary Scientific Research: A Review of the Literature », Préparé pour SBE/SRS et la fondation nationale des sciences, par SRI International Science and Technology Policy Program, mai 2009.
- Weingart, Peter, « Interdisciplinarity: The Paradoxical Discourse », dans Peter Weingart et Nico Stehr (dir.), Practicing Interdisciplinarity, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2000, p. 25-41.
- Yates, Simeon J., Doing Social Science Research, London, SAGE, 2004.