Résumés
Résumé
Les mitochondries jouent un rôle central dans le métabolisme énergétique cellulaire. Une de leurs particularités est de posséder leur propre génome, dont la transmission est exclusivement maternelle. Leur implication dans la reproduction humaine est une notion relativement récente qui suscite un intérêt scientifique et médical croissant. Elles peuvent influencer la qualité des ovocytes et des spermatozoïdes, mais aussi la fécondation et le développement embryonnaire. De nouvelles techniques thérapeutiques telles que le transfert de cytoplasme ovocytaire compromettent fortement la transmission uniparentale de l’ADN mitochondrial et soulèvent d’importantes questions éthiques. Cet article tente de faire le point sur les acquisitions récentes concernant le rôle des mitochondries dans la fertilité et la reproduction humaines.
Summary
Mitochondria play a primary role in cellular energetic metabolism. They possess their own DNA, which is exclusively maternally transmitted. The relatively recent idea that mitochondria may be directly involved in human reproduction is arousing increasing interest in the scientific and medical community. It has been shown that the functional status of mitochondria contributes to the quality of oocytes and spermatozoa, and plays a part in the process of fertilisation and embryo development. Moreover, new techniques, such as ooplasm transfer, compromise the uniquely maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, raising important ethical questions. This review discusses recent information about mitochondria in the field of human fertility and reproduction.
Parties annexes
Références
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