Résumés
Résumé
Les histones conventionnelles H2A, H2B, H3 et H4 sont des protéines basiques très conservées autour desquelles s’enroule l’ADN pour former l’unité de base de la chromatine: le nucléosome. Ces histones du coeur du nucléosome peuvent être remplacées par des variants qui sont présents chez tous les organismes eucaryotes. Les variants d’histones participent, avec les autres voies de modification du nucléosome, à la spécialisation fonctionnelle de la chromatine. Dans cette synthèse, nous nous focalisons sur trois variants majeurs de l’histone H2A (H2A.X, H2A.Z et macroH2A). Les recherches récentes mettent en lumière leur implication dans des évènements cruciaux comme la réparation de l’ADN ou la régulation de la transcription.
Summary
The histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are very conserved basic proteins that wrap almost two turns of DNA to form the nucleosome core. Conventional histones can be replaced with histone variants that are found in all eukaryotic organisms. Together with other nucleosome modification pathways, histone variants participate in the functional specialization of chromatin. In this review, we focus on three major H2A histone variants: H2A.X, H2A.Z and macroH2A. Recent discoveries highlight their involvement in crucial events such as DNA repair and transcriptional regulation.
Parties annexes
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