Résumés
Abstract
The author of this paper questions the role of the experts in heritage policies and practices. Is the voice of the heritage expert now guided by the vox populi? The current evidence for these trends, long considered anathema to heritage purists, suggests that an epoch-making change in heritage practice is now underway. The announcement of a Memorandum of Understanding between the World Bank and UNESCO to provide “very positive input for the improvement of aid effectiveness, and make the most of culture as a motor for social development and poverty alleviation, through employment and job creation” and the theme of the 17th ICOMOS General Assembly, “Heritage, a Driver of Development” are both clear indications of a pressing new concern: that heritage contribute to the economic – not only cultural – well-being of contemporary society. No less significant is the emphasis on public rights and responsibilities in the formulation of heritage policy, once the exclusive prerogative of antiquarians and professional conservators. This turn to the public as full-fledged heritage stakeholders is expressed clearly by the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (2005) and the efforts of UNESCO to promote the active participation – and economic advancement – of traditional practitioners of intangible cultural heritage.
Résumé
L’auteur de cet article interroge le rôle des experts des politiques et pratiques patrimoniales. La voix de l’expert est-elle désormais celle de la vox populi ? Les indices actuels de cette tendance, longtemps considérée comme un anathème par les puristes du patrimoine, indiquent qu’un changement quasiment historique est à l’oeuvre dans la pratique patrimoniale. L’annonce d’un « Mémorandum d’accord » entre la Banque mondiale et l’UNESCO pour procurer « des contributions très positives pour améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide et faire de l’ensemble de la culture un moteur du développement social et de l’allègement de la pauvreté au moyen de la création d’emplois », ainsi que le thème de la 17e Assemblée générale de l’ICOMOS, « Le patrimoine, moteur de développement », constituent deux claires indications d’une nouvelle et pressante préoccupation, à savoir que le patrimoine doit contribuer au bien-être économique, et non plus seulement culturel, de la société contemporaine. L’insistance sur les droits et responsabilités du public dans l’élaboration de la politique patrimoniale est également significative, celle-ci ayant toujours été la prérogative exclusive des professionnels du domaine. L’intégration du public en tant que partie prenante à part entière du patrimoine est clairement exprimée par la Convention-cadre du Conseil de l’Europe sur la valeur du patrimoine culturel pour la société (2005) et par les efforts de l’UNESCO de promouvoir la participation active – et le progrès économique – des praticiens traditionnels du patrimoine culturel immatériel.
Parties annexes
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