Résumés
Résumé
Au Québec, malgré des tarifs d’électricité les plus bas en Amérique du Nord, plusieurs ménages sont en précarité énergétique, c.-à-d. qu’ils n’ont pas les moyens ou l’accès aux services énergétiques résidentiels nécessaires pour répondre à leurs besoins. Afin d’améliorer les connaissances sur la précarité énergétique et guider une transition énergétique et climatique juste et équitable, cette étude poursuit trois objectifs: 1) quantifier l’ampleur de la précarité énergétique au Québec; 2) identifier les facteurs qui lui sont associés; et 3) quantifier son effet sur la santé et le bien-être de la population québécoise. Les données combinées et pondérées pour les cycles d’enquête de 2018 et 2021 de l’Enquête canadienne sur le logement ont été analysées. Selon la mesure retenue, entre 9% et 16% des ménages québécois font face à la précarité énergétique. Celle-ci est plus élevée chez les locataires, chez les personnes âgées, vivant seules, ayant un faible niveau de revenu et de scolarité, et vivant dans un logement inadéquat. Elle est associée à une santé générale et mentale moins bonne, et à une plus faible satisfaction à l’égard de la vie. Porter une attention aux besoins énergétiques des ménages pour qui l’accès inadéquat aux services énergétiques compromet leur bien-être s’avère primordial afin d’appuyer la mise en oeuvre de politiques et programmes qui rejoignent les ménages qui en ont le plus besoin.
Mots-clés :
- précarité énergétique,
- logement,
- vulnérabilité,
- bien-être,
- Québec
Abstract
In Québec, despite having some of the lowest electricity rates in North America, many households experience energy poverty, meaning they struggle to afford or access the residential energy services required to meet their needs. To enhance understanding of energy poverty and to inform a just and equitable energy and climate transition, this study pursues three objectives: (1) to quantify the extent of energy poverty in Québec; (2) to identify factors associated with energy poverty; and (3) to examine its association with health and well-being among the adult Québec population. Pooled and weighted data from the 2018 and 2021 cycles of the Canadian Housing Survey were analyzed. Depending on the measurement approach, between 9% and 16% of Québec households experience energy poverty. Energy poverty is more prevalent among renters, older adults, individuals living alone, those with lower income and education levels, and those residing in housing requiring major repairs. Results from regression models adjusted for potential confounders indicate that energy poverty is significantly associated with poorer general and mental health, and with lower life satisfaction. Addressing the energy needs of households whose well-being is compromised by inadequate access to energy services is essential to support the development and implementation of policies and programs that effectively reach those most in need.
Keywords:
- energy poverty,
- housing,
- vulnerability,
- well-being,
- Québec
Parties annexes
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