Résumés
Résumé
Fatima Hamza, citoyenne libanaise, fut incarcérée en novembre 2016 pour ne pas avoir voulu céder la garde de son jeune fils à son ex-mari. Sa condamnation faisant suite à la décision d’un tribunal de la charia, on y a vu une preuve supplémentaire des injustices qu’entraîne l’exercice du droit musulman. Mais en retraçant le parcours de mobilisations récentes visant à modifier les lois encadrant la garde des enfants, une autre analyse se fait jour. On constate que l’État libanais participe activement à l’élaboration des lois dites « religieuses » appliquées dans ses tribunaux de la charia. On remarque également qu’on ne peut comprendre la pratique contemporaine du droit familial musulman qu’à condition de s’attarder également à la manière dont les États séculiers façonnent ce qu’ils désignent comme religieux.
Mots-clés :
- Islam,
- sécularité,
- droit,
- genre,
- action politique,
- État,
- Liban
Abstract
Fatima Hamza, a Lebanese citizen, was incarcerated in November 2016 for refusing to grant her ex-husband custody of their young son. Since the custody case was adjudicated by a religious judge, many understood her punishment as yet another proof that Islamic law is unjust. In tracking the history of recent campaigns aiming at reforming custody law, a different kind of analysis emerges. Such an analysis shows that the Lebanese state contributes to shape the religious laws enforced by Sharia judges. It also highlights that we cannot appreciate the practice of Islamic family law today without also considering the ways in which secular states regulates what they describe as religious.
Keywords:
- Islam,
- secularism,
- law,
- gender,
- political action,
- State,
- Lebanon
Parties annexes
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