Abstracts
Résumé
Quel est l’impact de l’Agenda Post-2015 sur le développement équitable? Est-ce que les interventions de développement mises en œuvre dans le cadre des engagements des pays envers les trois accords mondiaux qui le composent ― le Programme 2030 pour le Développement durable, l’accord de Paris et le cadre de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe ― augmentent ou réduisent la vulnérabilité des groupes pour lesquels les impacts des changements climatiques, des catastrophes diverses et du mal développement se font le plus sentir ? Notre article examine ces plans d’action et leurs impacts sur la vulnérabilité des groupes marginalisés. Plus précisément, nous examinons les stratégies, les politiques, les plans et les rapports de deux États d’Asie du Sud-Est, l’Indonésie et le Vietnam, et des donateurs qui travaillent dans ces pays pour mettre en œuvre ces accords mondiaux, et nous révélons ainsi leurs impacts en matière d’équité. Nous postulons que l’Agenda Post-2015 contribue à accroitre la vulnérabilité chez les groupes déjà défavorisés. Une revue de la littérature et une analyse de contenu démontrent premièrement que la vulnérabilité, concept clé utilisé dans les accords de l’Agenda Post-2015, est définie et opérationnalisée différemment d’un accord à l’autre, entrainant des incohérences dans leur mise en œuvre. Deuxièmement, les projets qui ciblent les « groupes vulnérables » ne se concentrent pas sur le renforcement des facteurs qui contribuent à réduire leur vulnérabilité. Ainsi, la manière dont l’Agenda Post-2015 est mis en œuvre nuit à un développement durable qui est équitable et qui « ne laisse personne de côté » (Assemblée générale des Nations Unies (AGNU), 2015) Pour y parvenir, nous démontrons la nécessité pour l’Agenda Post-2015 de forger une définition cohérente du terme « vulnérabilité », et de donner la priorité à la réduction de la vulnérabilité en renforçant les atouts sociaux et culturels.
Mots-clés :
- Programme 2030 pour le développement durable,
- Accord de Paris,
- Cadre de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe,
- Vietnam,
- Indonésie,
- équité,
- groupes marginalisés,
- aide internationale au développement
Abstract
What is the impact of the Post-2015 Agenda on the equitable development of marginalised groups? Do development interventions implemented as part of countries’ commitments to the Post-2015 Agenda ― the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ― increase or reduce vulnerability of groups for whom impacts of climate change, climate-related disasters, and maldevelopment are felt most acutely? Our paper builds on studies that critically examine how climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction projects impact vulnerability of marginalised groups. Specifically, we analyse strategies, policies, plans and reports of two Southeast Asian States and donors who work there to explore how they implement these global agreements and reveal their impacts on equity outcomes. We argue that the way in which the Post-2015 Agenda is being actually implemented contributes to increased vulnerability of already-disadvantaged groups. Through literature review and content analysis, we demonstrate first, that a key concept used across the Post-2015 Agenda ― vulnerability ― is defined and operationalised differently across agreements, leading to inconsistencies in implementation. Second, projects that target “vulnerable groups” do not focus on strengthening factors that contribute to reducing the vulnerability of these groups. Thus, the ways in which the Post-2015 Agenda is being put into action are detrimental to sustainable development that is equitable. Ultimately, we demonstrate that to achieve sustainable development that does not “leave anyone behind” (United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 2015) , it is necessary for global agreements to forge a consistent use of the term vulnerability and to prioritize vulnerability reduction with a focus on strengthening social and cultural assets.
Keywords:
- The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
- The Paris Agreement,
- Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction,
- Vietnam,
- Indonesia vulnerability,
- equity,
- marginalised groups,
- international development aid
Appendices
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