Abstracts
Résumé
Comment les changements environnementaux influent-ils sur les inégalités, et, inversement, comment les inégalités affectent-elles les dynamiques environnementales ? Nous présentons une cartographie systématique qui étudie la relation entre ces deux aspects dans cinq pays du bassin du Mékong : Cambodge, Laos, Myanmar, Thaïlande et Vietnam. Les inégalités sont considérées en examinant l’impact de questions environnementales, telles que les politiques relatives à la terre et à l’eau, les interventions dans le domaine de l’hydroélectricité, de l’exploitation minière ou des plantations commerciales, les catastrophes climatiques, les pollutions et les problèmes de santé, sur divers groupes de population – notamment les ethnies minoritaires, les populations précaires, les petits exploitants, les femmes ou les migrants. 14 570 publications, ouvrages ou rapports de la « littérature grise » ont été collectés et passés au crible par titre, résumé et texte intégral. 2 355 articles sont inclus dans cette cartographie systématique sur la période 1978-2020. De façon générale, les articles qui traitent directement des inégalités en relation avec les changements environnementaux sont rares et récents. Trois thématiques apparaissent particulièrement représentées : l’accès aux ressources et les questions relatives aux droits (967 articles) ; le changement climatique et les impacts des catastrophes naturelles (533 articles) ; les aspects – croissants – liés à la pollution (299 articles). La cartographie systématique pose le cadre de la recherche, sa répartition géographique et son évolution dans le temps et caractérise les effets des changements environnementaux en fonction de différents groupes de population. Un dépôt d’archives d’accès ouvert vers les références sélectionnées et leur résumé est mis à disposition de la communauté.
Mots-clés :
- inégalités environnementales,
- cartographie systématique,
- Mékong,
- droits,
- climat,
- pollution
Abstract
How does accelerating environmental change affect inequality, and conversely, how does increasing inequality affect environmental dynamics? We present a systematic mapping that investigates the relationship between these two crucial aspects of sustainable development in five Mekong River Basin countries: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Inequalities are considered by examining the impact of environmental issues-such as land and water policies, economic interventions in hydropower, mining, or commercial plantations, climate disasters, pollution, and health problems – on various population groups – including ethnic minorities, precarious populations, smallholders, women, or migrants. 14570 scientific publications, books or reports in the "grey literature" were collected and screened by title, abstract and full text. 2355 articles are included in the systematic mapping over the period 1978-2020. In general, articles that directly address inequalities in relation to environmental change are rare and recent. Three themes appear particularly represented: access to resources and rights issues (967 articles); climate change and the impacts of natural disasters (533 articles); and the – growing – aspects related to pollution (299 articles). The systematic map sets the scene of research interests, their distribution geographically, and evolution over time, on how various groups of people being affected by environmental changes. A repository is built with an open access to all abstract-selected references to support further research and projects on sub-topics of the inequality-environmental change nexus, and support science-based policy decisions.
Keywords:
- environmental inequalities,
- systematic map,
- Mekong,
- rights,
- climate,
- pollution
Appendices
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