Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article a cherché à comprendre comment les groupes et organisations faisant la promotion du concept architectural radicalement vert de la géonef conçoivent la soutenabilité en habitation. Pour conceptualiser cette question, cette étude a fait appel à l’analyse de discours environnemental, au concept de modernisation écologique et au cadre théorique de la transition socioécologique. L’analyse des sites web, des pages Facebook et de la documentation produite par quatre organisations et un groupe Facebook de géonef au Canada et aux États-Unis a démontré que ces groupes véhiculent une vision holistique de la soutenabilité en respect des principes de la permaculture. Ancrés dans la stratégie du do-it-yourself, ils incitent à rompre avec les trajectoires de développement d’une société jugée insoutenable grâce à une habitation autosuffisante. Ce projet trouve aussi racine dans la crainte d’un effondrement civilisationnel dû aux changements climatiques et se présente comme une manière d’être plus résilient sur le plan alimentaire et énergétique. Néanmoins, alors que les organismes à but non lucratif ont une approche peu orthodoxe face au design de la géonef et semblent surtout y voir un outil pour réaliser leur mission, les entreprises privées accordent une grande importance à son cadrage discursif. Adoptant des stratégies de marketing vert, elles font abstraction de ses limitations et exagèrent ses performances et son adaptabilité, ce qui peut expliquer sa popularité dans des contextes inappropriés, tel qu’au Québec. Finalement, selon le cadre théorique de la transition, le discours environnemental caractéristique de la géonef articule une vision holistique et radicale de la soutenabilité en habitation qui implique une rupture avec le statu quo. Toutefois, en se présentant comme utopie écologique en remplacement de la maison unifamiliale détachée, ce discours risque aussi de contribuer à la reproduction du problème de l’étalement urbain.
Cet article a cherché à comprendre comment les groupes et organisations faisant la promotion du concept architectural radicalement vert de la géonef conçoivent la soutenabilité en habitation. Pour conceptualiser cette question, cette étude a fait appel à l’analyse de discours environnemental, au concept de modernisation écologique et au cadre théorique de la transition socioécologique. L’analyse des sites web, des pages Facebook et de la documentation produite par quatre organisations et un groupe Facebook de géonef au Canada et aux États-Unis a démontré que ces groupes véhiculent une vision holistique de la soutenabilité en respect des principes de la permaculture. Ancrés dans la stratégie du do-it-yourself, ils incitent à rompre avec les trajectoires de développement d’une société jugée insoutenable grâce à une habitation autosuffisante. Ce projet trouve aussi racine dans la crainte d’un effondrement civilisationnel dû aux changements climatiques et se présente comme une manière d’être plus résilient sur le plan alimentaire et énergétique. Néanmoins, alors que les organismes à but non lucratif ont une approche peu orthodoxe face au design de la géonef et semblent surtout y voir un outil pour réaliser leur mission, les entreprises privées accordent une grande importance à son cadrage discursif. Adoptant des stratégies de marketing vert, elles font abstraction de ses limitations et exagèrent ses performances et son adaptabilité, ce qui peut expliquer sa popularité dans des contextes inappropriés, tel qu’au Québec. Finalement, selon le cadre théorique de la transition, le discours environnemental caractéristique de la géonef articule une vision holistique et radicale de la soutenabilité en habitation qui implique une rupture avec le statu quo. Toutefois, en se présentant comme utopie écologique en remplacement de la maison unifamiliale détachée, ce discours risque aussi de contribuer à la reproduction du problème de l’étalement urbain.:
- habitation écologique,
- design solaire passif,
- géonef,
- discours environnemental,
- transition socioécologique,
- autonomie énergétique,
- autosuffisance,
- do-it-yourself (DIY),
- résilience,
- permaculture
Abstract
This research sought to understand how groups and organizations that promote the deep green architectural concept of the earthship conceive sustainability in relation to housing. To conceptualize this question, this study used environmental discourse analysis, the ecological modernization concept and the sustainable transition theoretical framework. The analysis of websites, Facebook pages and documents produced by four organizations and one Facebook group both in Canada and the United-States showed that these groups convey an holistic perspective of sustainability in respect of permaculture principles. By promoting do-it-yourself strategies to build an off-the-grid housing project, they incite to break with what is perceived as unsustainable developmental pathways. Also rooted in the fear of a civilization collapse caused by climate change, the earthship is seen as a way to achieve a greater resilience both in terms of food and energy. Divergences have also been identified between organizations. While non-profits have a non-orthodox attitude towards the earthships design principles and mostly see it as a tool to achieve their mission, private business that have a commercial interest in the concept are more invested in its discursive framing. Using green marketing strategies, they notably overstate its performance and adaptability and downplay its limitations, a situation which could explain why the earthship is popular in inhospitable climates such as in Quebec. Finally, in light of the sustainable transition theoretical framework, the earthship articulates an holistic and radical discourse about sustainability that incites to break with unsustainable development pathways. Nevertheless, by being frequently presented as an alternative to the single family detached house, the earthship might conversely contribute to exacerbate urban sprawl.
Keywords:
- sustainable housing,
- passive solar design,
- earthship,
- environmental discourse,
- sustainable transition,
- energetic autonomy,
- self-sufficiency,
- do-it-yourself (DIY),
- resilience,
- permaculture
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Appendices
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