Abstracts
Abstract
Ruth Stiles Gannett’s début novel, My Father's Dragon (1948), has inspired many generations of children worldwide. This inspiration was so significant that it gave way to an animated adaptation in 1997 by Japanese director Masami Hata. Elmer no Boken offers a relatively faithful adaptation of the novel’s narrative. However, its aesthetic is resolutely transcultural as it shows inspiration from the original lavish grease crayon illustrations while imbuing them with some of the typical techniques of anime films. In 2022, Netflix released a new adaptation driven by five-time nominated Oscar Irish studio Cartoon Saloon. My Father’s Dragon beautifully displays the studio’s trademark reliance on “clean geometric shapes against stylized backgrounds” (Zahed, 2022, p. 26), in which director Nora Twomey presents stylized yet recognizable representations of Elmer and the dragon.
However, this new adaptation gives the audience a transformed version of the adventure that eventually brings together these two young children figures who learn to trust in their own and each other’s capacities. Using Paul Wells’s model of animated adaptations as subjective correlatives of their initial literary sources, this paper will seek to compare both adaptations to emphasize how the directors’ style and the studios’ aesthetic have come to support what appears to be radically different interpretations of the source material. As Sanders puts it, all adaptations seek to solve an “equation” (2016, p.17), that of a tension between the old and the new. In this respect, Hata’s and Twomey’s films may well display an inescapable movement from adaptation to appropriation.
Keywords:
- Animated adaptation,
- My Father's Dragon,
- Masami Hata,
- Nora Twomey,
- Ruth Stiles Gannett
Résumé
Publié en 1948, Le Dragon de mon père, le premier roman de l’auteure Ruth Stiles Gannett a inspiré de nombreuses générations d’enfants partout dans le monde. Ce succès fut si retentissant qu’il donna lieu à une adaptation animée en 1997 par le réalisateur Masami Hata. Elmer no Boken propose une adaptation plutôt fidèle de la trame du roman. Pourtant, l'esthétique se revendique fortement transculturelle, tirant son inspiration d'illustrations somptueuses aux crayons gras tout en les imbuants de techniques typiquements propres au style des films anime. En 2022, Netflix produit une nouvelle adaptation du roman qu’elle confie au studio d’animation irlandais Cartoon Saloon, déjà nommé cinq fois aux Oscars. Le Dragon de mon père est un magnifique exemple de leur style désormais reconnaissable fait de « formes géométriques nettes sur des arrières plans stylisés » (Zahed, 2022, p. 26). Dans le film, la réalisatrice Nora Twomey propose une représentation à la fois stylisée et reconnaissable des protagonistes : Elmer et le dragon. Cette nouvelle adaptation offre pourtant au public une version transformée de cette aventure qui amène deux figures de l’enfance à trouver confiance en l’autre et en eux-mêmes. En utilisant le model de Paul Wells d'adaptations animés comme corollaires subjectifs de leurs textes sources, cet article propose une comparaison des deux adaptations animées pour mettre en lumière la manière dont le style des réalisateurs et l’esthétique des studios proposent ce qui semble être deux interprétations radicalement différentes du roman original. Comme l’a si bien dit Sanders (2017), toute adaptation cherche à résoudre une « équation » (p.17), celle d’une tension entre le neuf et l’ancien. À cet égard, les films d’Hata et de Twomey pourraient bien représenter un glissement inévitable de l’adaptation vers l’appropriation.
Mots-clés :
- animation adaptée,
- Le dragon de mon père,
- Masami Hata,
- Nora Twomey
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Appendices
Biographical note
Audrey Louckx is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting (FTI-EII) at the University of Mons (UMONS) in Belgium. She obtained her Ph.D. in contemporary American Literature in 2013. Her current research focuses on cinematographic adaptation and intermediality in American literature and pop culture. As a member of Disnet – the Disney, Culture and Society Research network, as well as several American pop culture associations, she has also been working on intertextual and intermedial references (a.k.a. Easter eggs) and nostalgia in Disney Films. Her most recent article on Disney’s transtextual use of Easter eggs was published in The Journal of American Culture (2024, 47:2, pp.131-142).
Bibliography
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Appendices
Note biographique
Audrey Louckx est chargée de cours à la Faculté de Traduction et d’interprétation (FTI-EII) de l’Université de Mons (UMONS) en Belgique. Elle a obtenu son doctorat en littérature Américaine contemporaine en 2013. Ses recherches actuelles portent sur l’adaptation cinématographique et l’intermédialité dans la littérature et la pop culture américaine. En tant que membre de Disnet – le réseau Disney, Culture and Society, et de plusieurs associations de pop culture aux Etats-Unis, elle travaille également sur les références intertextuelles et intermédiales (aussi appelées Easter eggs) et la notion de nostalgie dans les films Disney. Sa publication la plus récente sur l’utilisation transtextuelle des Easter eggs chez Disney a été publiée dans The Journal of American Culture (2024, 47:2, pp.131-142).