Abstracts
Abstract
This article describes the creation of a grid of sustainable tourism indicators, specifically the strategy adopted by the Gaspésie and Îles de la Madeleine regions of Québec. First, a list of indicators recognized by experts, which systematically cover the dimensions of sustainable tourism, was compiled. In the second step, the indicators were coordinated with the sustainable tourism policy framework of each region, to operationalize the indicators while preserving their validity. This two-step strategy led to identification of a list of recognized and measurable sustainable tourism indicators consistent with the tourism policy of each region. This approach thus minimizes the risks of instrumentalization of the concept of sustainable tourism, and guarantees the validity of the assessment and follow-up approaches in this area.
Keywords:
- indicators,
- sustainability,
- assessment,
- methology,
- partnership
Appendices
Bibliography
- BELL, Simon and Stephen MORSE (2008) Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable? London: Earthscan, 2nd edition, 228 p.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BOULANGER, Paul-Marie (2004) Les indicateurs du développement durable: un défi scientifique, un enjeu démocratique. Les séminaires de l’Iddri, nº12, 24 p.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BUTLER, Richard (1999) “Sustainable tourism: A State-of-the-Art Review”, Tourism Geographies, Vol. 1, n° 1, p. 7-25.10.1080/14616689908721291 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CHOI, Hwan Suk and Erkan SIRAKAYA (2006) “Sustainability Indicators for Managing Community Tourism”, Tourism Management, vol. 27, n° 6, p. 1274-1289.10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.018 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CRÉGÎM – Conférence régionale des élus Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (2010) Pour un tourisme durable en Gaspésie. PCDTG. Gaspésie: CRÉGÎM, November, 30 p.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2001) Environmental Benchmarking for Local Authorities: From concept to practice. Copenhagen: Environmental Issue Report, nº 20, 64 p.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GAHIN, Randa; Vesela VELEVA and Maureen HART (2003) “Do Indicators Help Create Sustainable Communities?”, Local Environment, vol. 8, n° 6, p. 661–666.10.1080/1354983032000152752 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HICKEY, Gordon M. and John L. INNES (2008) “Indicators for Demonstrating Sustainable Forestry Management in British Columbia, Canada: An International Review”, Ecological Indicators, vol. 8, n° 2, p. 131–140.10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HOLMAN, Nancy (2009) “Incorporating Local Sustainability Indicators into Structures of Local Governance: a Review of the Literature”. Local Environment, vol. 14, n° 4, p. 365-375.10.1080/13549830902783043 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HUNTER, Colin (1997) “Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 24, n° 4, p. 850–867.10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00036-4 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MASCARENHAS, André; Pedro COELHO; Eduarda SUBTIL and Tomas B. RAMOS (2010) “The Role of Common Local Indicators in Regional Sustainability Assessment”, Ecological indicators, nº 10, p. 646-656.10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MILLER, Graham (2001) “The Development of Indicators for Sustainable Tourism: Results of a Delphi Survey of Tourism Researchers”, Tourism Management, vol. 22, n° 4, p. 351–362.10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00067-4 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MITCHEL, Gordon (1996) “Problems and Fundamentals of Sustainable Development Indicators”, Sustainable Development, nº 4, p.1-11. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1719(199603)4:1<1::AID-SD24>3.0.CO;2-N Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Municipalité des Îles-de-la-Madeleine (2006) Politique-cadre de développement touristique. Îles de la Madeleine: Municipalité des Îles-de-la-Madeleine, http://http://www.tourismeilesdelamadeleine.com/FichiersUpload/Documents/web-20100930153050politique-cadre-de-developpement-touristique-de-la-municipalite-des-iles-de-la-madeleine.pdf, retrieved on May 27, 2011.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
National Geographic Traveler (2010) “Places Rated”, National Geographic Traveler, published in November/December 2009, http://http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2009/11/destinations-rated/list-text, retrieved on May 27, 2011.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- NIEMEIJER, David and Rodolf S. DE GROOT (2008) “A Conceptual Framework for Selecting Environmental Indicators Sets”, Ecological Indicators, vol.8, n° 1, p. 14-25.10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.012 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RAJAONSON, Juste and Georges A. TANGUAY (2010) “Le développement durable au Québec: classement des 25 plus grandes villes”, Canadian Journal of Urban Research/Journal canadien de recherches urbaines, vol. 18, n° 2, p. 40-77.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RAMETSTEINER, Ewald; Helga PÜLZL; Johanna ALKAN-OLSSON and Pia FREDERIKSEN (2011) “Sustainability Indicator Development: Science or Political Negotiation?”, Ecological Indicators, vol.11, n° 1, p. 61-70.10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.06.009 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- REED, Mark S.; Evan D.G. FRASER and Andrew J. DOUGILL (2006) “An Adaptive Learning Process for Developing and Applying Sustainability Indicators with Local Communities”, Ecological Economics, vol. 59, n° 4, p. 406-418.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SHIELD, Deborah J.; Slavko V. SOLAR; Wade E. MARTIN (2002) “The Role of Values and Objectives in Communication Indicators of Sustainability”, Ecological Indicators, vol. 2, n° 1-2, p. 146-160.10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00042-0 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- STABLER, Mike J. (1997) Tourism and Sustainability: Principles to Practice, Wallingford: CABI International. 404 p.10.1079/9780851991849.0000 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TANGUAY, A. Georges; Juste RAJAONSON; Jean-François LEFEBVRE and Paul LANOIE (2009) “Measuring the Sustainability of Cities: An Analysis of the Use of Local Indicators”, Ecological Indicators, vol. 10, n° 2, p. 407-418. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.013 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TASSER, Erich; Elizabeth STERNBACH and Ulrike TAPPEINER (2008) “Biodiversity Indicators for Sustainability Monitoring at Municipality Level: An Example of Implementation in an Alpine Region”, Ecological Indicators, vol. 8, n° 3, p. 204–223.10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WONG, Cecilia (2006) Indicators for Urban and Regional Planning. New York: Routledge. 217 p.10.4324/9780203642559 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- World Tourism Organization [WTO] (2004) Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations: A guidebook, Madrid: UN-WTO. 514 p. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar