Abstracts
Abstract
To move towards sustainability, tourism must contribute to the empowerment of local communities. This can be achieved through community participation in decision-making where essential information is gained, with the early stages of empowerment allowing the community to determine their own development (Cole, 2006). Community capacity building ensures the benefit of tourism to the local community by developing skills and entrepreneurial spirit to become part of the tourism industry, which will lead to the reduction of negative impacts. This article focuses on the community of Moose Factory that used a community based approach to create one of the world’s top ecolodges. It was collaboratively developed in an attempt to provide economic, social and cultural livelihoods. Strategies used to develop and involve the community will be discussed.
Keywords:
- community based tourism,
- Aboriginal, indigenous,
- integration,
- empowerment
Appendices
Bibliography
- ALTMAN, J. C. (2003). “People on Country, Healthy Landscapes and Sustainable Indigenous Economic Futures: The Arnhem Land Case”, The Drawing Board: An Australian Review of Public Affairs, 4 (2): 65-82.
- ALTMAN, J. and J. FINLAYSON (1993). “Aborigines, Tourism and Sustainable Development”, The Journal of Tourism Studies. 4(1): 38-50.
- ANDERSON, R.B. (1999) Economic Development Among the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. The Hope For the Future. Concord: Captus Press.
- BENSON, J. and A. CLIFTON (2006) “Planning for Sustainable Ecotourism: The Case For Research Ecotourism in Developing Countries” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 14(3) 238-254.
- BRAMWELL, B. and A. SHERMAN (1999) “Collaboration in Local Tourism Policy Making”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (2) 392-415.
- CANADIAN TOURISM COMMISSION (2009) “Top 28 Significant Aboriginal Tourism Experiences”. Canadian Tourism Commission. Ottawa.
- COLE, S. (2006) “Information and Empowerment: The Keys to Achieving Sustainable Tourism”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14 (6) 629 – 644.
- COLTON, J.W. (2005) “Indigenous Tourism Development in Northern Canada: Beyond Economic Incentives”. The Canadian Journal of Native studies. 15(1): 185-206.
- COLTON, J.W. and K. WHITNEY-SQUIRE (2010). “Exploring the Relationship Between Aboriginal Tourism and Community Development”, Leisure. 34(3): 261–278.
- CREE VILLAGE ECOLODGE (2012) “Welcome to the Cree Village Ecolodge”, http://www.creevillage.com. Retrieved on 01.03.2012.
- ELIAS, P.D. (1995) Northern Aboriginal Communities. Economics and Development in Canada. Concord: Captus Press.
- GIBSON, M.; R. LABONTE and G. LAVERACK (2002) “Evaluating Community Capacity”, Health and Social Care in the Community. 10(6):485-491.
- GRACI, S. (2010) “The Potential for Aboriginal Ecotourism in Ontario”, Geography Research Forum. 30: 33-148.
- GRACI, S. and Rachel DODDS (2010) Sustainable Tourism in Island Destinations. London: Earthscan.
- HARDY, A.L. and R. J. S. BEETON (2001) “Sustainable Tourism or Maintainable Tourism: Managing Resources for more than Average Outcomes”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 9(3): 168-192.
- HINCH, T. and R. BUTLER (2007) “Introduction: Revisiting Common Ground”. In R. BUTLER and T. HINCH (Editors), Tourism and Indigenous Peoples: Issues and Implications. (pp. 2-12). Burlington: Elsevier.
- HIPWELL, W.T. (2007) “Taiwan Aboriginal Ecotourism: Tanayiku Natural Ecology Park”, Annals of Tourism Research. 34(4): 876-897.
- INDUSTRY CANADA (2012) “Challenges and Opportunities Facing Canada’s Tourism Industry”, Industry Canada. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/dsib-tour.nsf/eng/qq00135.html. Retrieved 01.03.2012.
- JAMAL, T. and GETZ, D. (1995) “Collaboration Theory and Community Planning”, Annals of Tourism Research. 22(1): 186-204.
- JOPPE, M. (1996) “Sustainable Community Tourism Development Revisited”, Tourism Management. 17(7): 475-479.
- LABONTE, R. and LAVERACK, G. (2001) “Capacity Building in Health Promotion, Part 1: for Whom? and for What Purpose?”, CriticalPublic Health 11 (2), 111–127.
- McGINLEY, K. (2003) “Best Practices: A planned Approach to Developing a Sustainable Aboriginal Tourism Industry in Mistissini”, Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development. 3(2): 12-19.
- MURPHY, P.E. (1985) Tourism, a Community Approach. London: Methuen.
- NOTZKE, C. (1999) “Indigenous Tourism Development in the Arctic”, Annals of Tourism Research. 26(1): 55-76.
- NOTZKE, C. (2004) “Indigenous Tourism Development in Southern Alberta Canada: Tentative Engagement”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(1): 78-91.
- SALOLE, M. (2007) “Merging Two Disparate Worlds in Rural Namibia: Joint Venture Tourism in Torra Conservancy”. In R. BUTLER and T. HINCH (Editors), Tourism and Indigenous Peoples: Issues and Implications. (pp. 205-219). Burlington: Elsevier.
- SCHEYVENS, R. (1999) “Ecotourism and the Empowerment of Local Communities”. Tourism Management. 20: 245-249.
- TELFER, D. J. (2002) “The Evolution of Tourism Development Theory”, IN R. SHARPLEY and D. TELFER (Editors), Tourism Development, Concepts and Issues (pp. 35-81). Clevendon: Channel View Publications.
- ZEPPEL, H. (2003) “Ecotourism Policy and Indigenous People in Australia”, IN David Fennel and R. DOWLING (Editors), Ecotourism Policy and Planning (pp. 55-76). Cambridge: CABI Publishing.
- ZEPPEL, H. (2006) Indigenous Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management. Cambridge: CABI Publishing.
- ZEPPEL, H. (2007) “Indigenous Ecotourism: Conservation and Resource Rights”. In J.E.S. Higham (Editor), Critical Issues in Ecotourism: Understanding a Complex Tourism Phenomenon (pp. 308-348). Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- KAPASHESIT, Randy (2010) Chief, Mo’Creebec Council of the Cree Indians. Personal interview held on 6 March 2010 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.