Abstracts
Abstract
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a serious medical condition characterized by altered mental status, autonomic instability and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is caused by the use of one or multiple serotoninergic medication(s), which results in excessive activation of serotoninergic receptors. Here, we present a case of probable SS following the addition of trazodone to treat insomnia. Besides trazodone, the patient was prescribed valproic acid, lurasidone, estradiol, dexlansoprazole and spironolactone. A few hours after taking trazodone 100 mg, the patient developed several physical symptoms, including chills, nausea, sweating, dizziness, generalized muscle stiffness and tremor. The symptoms were associated with significant functional impairment and gradually subsided over the next 48 hours. No physical examination or laboratory test were performed when the patient was symptomatic. However, the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for SS using the Sternbach criteria. Although most cases of SS associated with trazodone involve selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, this case report suggests that the combination of trazodone, lurasidone and valproic acid can lead to excessive serotoninergic activity via serotonin reuptake inhibition, 5-HT1A partial agonism and increased central serotoninergic neurotransmission. Therefore, clinicians should exercise caution when trazodone is combined with a second-generation antipsychotic and valproic acid.
Keywords:
- trazodone,
- lurasidone,
- valproic acid,
- serotonin syndrome,
- case report
Résumé
Le syndrome sérotoninergique (SS) est une condition médicale grave caractérisée par une altération de l’état mental, une dysautonomie et des anomalies neuromusculaires. Il est causé par l’utilisation d’un ou de plusieurs médicaments sérotoninergiques, entraînant une activation excessive des récepteurs sérotoninergiques. Nous présentons ici un cas de SS probable survenu après l’ajout de la trazodone pour traiter l’insomnie. En plus de la trazodone, la patiente prenait de l’acide valproïque, la lurasidone, l’estradiol, le dexlansoprazole et la spironolactone. Quelques heures après la prise de 100 mg de trazodone, la patiente a développé plusieurs symptômes physiques, notamment des frissons, des nausées, des sueurs, des étourdissements, une rigidité musculaire généralisée et des tremblements. Les symptômes étaient associés à une altération fonctionnelle significative et se sont progressivement résorbés dans les 48 heures suivantes. Aucun examen physique ni test de laboratoire n’a été effectué lorsque la patiente était symptomatique. Toutefois, la patiente remplit les critères diagnostiques du SS selon les critères de Sternbach. Bien que la plupart des cas de SS associés à la trazodone impliquent des antidépresseurs inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine, cette étude de cas suggère que la combinaison de la trazodone, la lurasidone et l’acide valproïque peut entraîner une activité sérotoninergique excessive via l’inhibition de la recapture de la sérotonine, l’agonisme partiel des récepteurs 5-HT1A et l’augmentation de la neurotransmission sérotoninergique centrale. Ainsi, les cliniciens devraient faire preuve de prudence lorsque la trazodone est combinée à un antipsychotique de 2e génération et à l’acide valproïque.
Mots-clés :
- trazodone,
- lurasidone,
- acide valproïque,
- syndrome sérotoninergique,
- étude de cas
Appendices
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