Abstracts
Résumé
Le métronidazole est connu pour pouvoir induire une encéphalopathie caractéristique, marquée par des manifestations neurologiques et des anomalies typiques à l’IRM, tandis que les présentations psychiatriques demeurent rarement décrites. À ce jour, aucune description d’une symptomatologie maniaque franche concomitante à une encéphalopathie induite par le métronidazole n’a été rapportée dans la littérature. L’antibiomanie est un effet indésirable rare défini par l’apparition d’un épisode maniaque ou hypomaniaque en relation temporelle avec une antibiothérapie.
Nous rapportons le cas d’un homme de 67 ans hospitalisé pour des complications hépatobiliaires complexes et exposé de façon intermittente et prolongée au métronidazole et à la ciprofloxacine. Il développe un changement comportemental aigu marqué par une désinhibition, une agitation psychomotrice, une logorrhée avec pression du discours, une irritabilité, des phénomènes hallucinatoires, ainsi que de la dysarthrie et des chutes.
L’IRM révèle des hyperintensités T2 des noyaux dentelés, des noyaux rouges, de la plaque tectale et du splénium du corps calleux, compatibles avec une encéphalopathie induite par le métronidazole. L’arrêt des antibiotiques est suivi d’une amélioration clinique rapide, sans récidive lors de la réintroduction de la ciprofloxacine seule.
Ce cas met en évidence une présentation clinique inédite associant une encéphalopathie typique au métronidazole et une symptomatologie maniaque franche, jamais rapportée auparavant. Il souligne l’importance d’inclure l’antibiomanie dans le diagnostic différentiel d’un premier épisode maniaque aigu afin de permettre l’arrêt précoce de l’antibiotique causal.
Mots-clés :
- manie,
- agitation psychomotrice,
- métronidazole,
- diagnostic différentiel,
- rapport de cas
Abstract
Metronidazole is known to induce a characteristic encephalopathy, marked by neurological manifestations and typical MRI abnormalities, whereas psychiatric presentations remain rarely described. To date, no description of a frank manic symptomatology occurring concomitantly with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy has been reported in the literature. Antibiomania is a rare adverse effect defined by the onset of a manic or hypomanic episode in close temporal association with antibiotic exposure.
We report the case of a 67-year-old man hospitalized for complex hepatobiliary complications and intermittently and cumulatively exposed to metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. He developed an acute behavioral change characterized by disinhibition, psychomotor agitation, logorrhea with pressured speech, irritability, hallucinatory phenomena, as well as dysarthria and falls.
Brain MRI revealed T2 hyperintensities involving the dentate nuclei, red nuclei, tectal plate, and splenium of the corpus callosum, findings consistent with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. Discontinuation of antibiotics was followed by rapid clinical improvement, with no recurrence after reintroduction of ciprofloxacin alone.
This case highlights a previously undescribed clinical presentation combining typical metronidazole-induced encephalopathy with a frank manic syndrome. It underscores the importance of considering antibiomania in the differential diagnosis of a first acute manic episode in order to enable early discontinuation of the causative antibiotic.
Keywords:
- mania,
- psychomotor agitation,
- metronidazole,
- differential diagnosis,
- case report
Appendices
Bibliographie
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