Abstracts
Résumé
Objectif Les troubles de la personnalité et la violence conjugale (VC) sont deux problématiques reconnues comme des enjeux majeurs en santé publique associées à de graves répercussions individuelles et sociétales. Plusieurs études ont documenté les liens entre le trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) et la VC, mais nous en connaissons très peu quant aux traits pathologiques spécifiques contribuant à la VC. L’étude vise à documenter le phénomène de VC commise et subie chez des personnes souffrant de TPL et à dresser des profils à partir des facettes de la personnalité du Modèle alternatif pour les troubles de la personnalité du DSM-5.
Méthode Cent huit participants/participantes avec un TPL (83,3 % femmes ; Mâge = 32,39, É.-T. = 9) référées à un programme d’hôpital de jour à la suite d’un épisode de crise ont rempli une batterie de questionnaires comprenant les versions françaises du Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, évaluant la VC psychologique et physique, commise et subie, et du Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 — FacetedBrief Form, évaluant 25 facettes pathologiques de la personnalité.
Résultats Parmi les participants/participantes, 78,7 % rapportent avoir déjà commis de la VC psychologique, alors que 68,5 % en auraient été victimes, ce qui est plus que les estimations publiées par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (27 %). De plus, 31,5 % auraient commis de la VC physique, alors que 22,2 % en auraient été victimes. La VC semble bidirectionnelle puisque 85,9 % des personnes ayant commis de la VC psychologique rapportent aussi en subir et 52,9 % des personnes ayant commis de la VC physique rapportent en être également victimes. Des comparaisons de groupes non paramétriques indiquent que les facettes Hostilité, Méfiance, Duplicité, Prise de risques et Irresponsabilité distinguent les personnes violentes physiquement et psychologiquement des personnes non violentes. Des résultats élevés aux facettes Hostilité, Dureté/Insensibilité, Manipulation et Prise de risque caractérisent les participants/participantes victimes de VC psychologique, alors qu’une élévation aux facettes Hostilité, Retrait, Évitement de l’intimité et Prise de risque et un résultat faible à la facette Tendance à la soumission distinguent les participants/participantes victimes de VC physique des non-victimes. Des analyses de régression mettent en évidence que la facette Hostilité explique à elle seule une variance significative des résultats de VC commise, alors que la facette Irresponsabilité contribuerait de façon substantielle à la variance des résultats de VC subie.
Conclusion Les résultats font état de la prévalence élevée de VC chez des personnes aux prises avec un TPL ainsi que de son caractère bidirectionnel. Au-delà du diagnostic de TPL, certaines facettes spécifiques de la personnalité (dont l’Hostilité et l’Irresponsabilité) permettent de cibler les personnes plus à risque de commettre de la VC psychologique et physique et d’en subir.
Mots-clés :
- trouble de personnalité limite,
- violence conjugale,
- violence physique,
- violence psychologique,
- modèle alternatif pour les troubles de la personnalité
Abstract
Objective Personality disorders and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two problems recognized as major public health issues associated with serious individual and societal repercussions. Several studies have documented the links between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and IPV; however, we know very little about the specific pathological traits contributing to IPV. The study aims to document the phenomenon of IPV committed and suffered in persons with BPD and to draw profiles from the personality facets of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD).
Method One hundred and eight BPD participants (83.3% female; Mage = 32.39, SD = 9.00) referred to a day hospital program following a crisis episode completed a battery of questionnaires including the French versions of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, evaluating physical and psychological IPV committed and suffered, and the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5- Faceted Brief Form, evaluating 25 pathological facets of personality.
Results Among the participants, 78.7% report having committed psychological IPV, while 68.5% have been victims, which is more than the estimates published by the World Health Organization (27%). In addition, 31.5% would have committed physical IPV, while 22.2% would have been victims. IPV appears to be bidirectional since 85.9% of participants who are perpetrators of psychological IPV also report suffering from it and 52.9% of participants who are perpetrators of physical IPV report being also victims. Nonparametric group comparisons indicate that Hostility, Suspiciousness, Duplicity, Risk-Taking, and Irresponsibility facets distinguish physically and psychologically violent participants from nonviolent participants. High results on Hostility, Callousness, Manipulation, and Risk-taking facets characterize participants who are victims of psychological IPV, while an elevation in Hostility, Withdrawal, Avoidance of intimacy, and Risk-taking facets and a low result on the Submission facet distinguish participants who are victims of physical IPV from non-victims. Regression analyzes show that the Hostility facet alone explains a significant variance in the results of IPV perpetrated, while the Irresponsibility facet contributes substantially to the variance of the results of IPV experienced.
Conclusion Results show the high prevalence of IPV in a sample of persons with BPD, as well as its bidirectional nature. Beyond the diagnosis of BPD, certain specific facets of the personality (including Hostility and Irresponsability) make it possible to target persons at greater risk of committing and suffering from psychological and physical IPV.
Keywords:
- borderline personality disorder,
- intimate partner violence,
- physical violence,
- psychological violence,
- DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders
Appendices
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