Abstracts
Résumé
Le présent article se veut un plaidoyer pour augmenter l’accessibilité des services psychologiques au niveau des soins de santé primaires en se penchant plus particulièrement sur la pertinence d’inclure des psychologues dans les équipes de santé familiale (ÉSF) en soins primaires en Ontario.
Les auteurs présentent leur plaidoyer à partir de deux niveaux d’informations : 1) les résultats scientifiques d’un projet de démonstration financé par les Fonds pour l’adaptation des soins de santé primaires (FASSP) dans lequel des psychologues ont été intégrés à des cliniques de médecine familiale ; et 2) les commentaires, expériences et observations générales des auteurs au cours des dix dernières années en ce qui concerne l’inclusion de psychologues en soins primaires en Ontario.
Le projet de démonstration ainsi que l’expérience clinique soutenue des auteurs en santé mentale en soins primaires sont à divers égards, cohérents avec la littérature scientifique. Les équipes interprofessionnelles devraient bénéficier davantage d’une combinaison judicieuse de divers types de professionnels de la santé mentale pour répondre efficacement aux complexités des problèmes de santé mentale de la population desservie. On ne peut s’attendre à ce qu’un seul type de professionnel de la santé mentale sur une équipe soit en mesure de répondre adéquatement à tous les niveaux de complexité des problèmes rencontrés en soins primaires. En ce moment, il y a un manque à combler dans les ÉSF et les soins primaires au sens large, et il semble tout à fait logique que les psychologues soient davantage invités à joindre l’équipe.
Mots-clés :
- soins primaires,
- psychologues,
- services psychologiques,
- accès aux psychothérapies,
- collaboration
Abstract
Objectives This article advocates in favor of increasing the accessibility of psychological services in primary health care by focusing more specifically on the relevance of including psychologists in family health teams in primary care in Ontario.
Methods The authors present their advocacy from two levels of information: 1) the main results of a demonstration project funded by the Primary Health Care Transition Fund (PHCTF) in which psychologists were integrated into family practices; and 2) experiences and general observations drawn from the combined experiences of the authors from the last decade regarding the inclusion of psychologists in primary care.
Results Main results from the demonstration project: 1) highly prevalent mental illnesses (anxiety & mood disorders) are amenable to psychological interventions; 2) psychologists and family physicians are natural and complementary allies in primary care; 3) the cost of integrating psychologists to provide psychological interventions can be off-set by a reduction in physicians’ mental health billing. Main observations drawn from authors’ combined experiences in primary care: 1) relatively few psychologists work in family health teams in Ontario; 2) most non-pharmacological mental health interventions in primary care involve generic counselling, problem solving, educational groups, and linking to community resources; 3) lack of understanding of the difference between evidence-based psychological treatments and generic counselling; 4) many multidisciplinary clinics unfortunately benefit from only one type of non-medical mental health professional as part of their team to see all cases, independent of the level of complexity on the patient’s side, and independent of the level of expertise or supervised training on the provider side; 5) multidisciplinary teams in primary care need various mental health professionals to cover for a wide range of presenting problems and levels of complexity/co-morbidities.
Conclusion Our demonstration project combined with our continued clinical experience in primary care is consistent with the scientific literature on the topic of psychological services in primary care. Common mental health problems are highly prevalent. Societal costs are high. Accurate diagnosis is crucial. There are psychological treatments proven to work, and that are cost-effective. We can build on existing multidisciplinary teams and structures in place and also innovate by finding creative mechanisms linking the public and private sectors such as in the Australian primary care system. Interdisciplinary teams should integrate a judicious mix of pertinent skills with the right balance of varying levels of competencies to efficiently address varying levels of problem complexities and co-morbidities. At the moment, there is a gap to be filled in multidisciplinary primary care teams and psychologists are already extensively trained and available to fill this gap.
Keywords:
- primary care psychologists,
- psychological services,
- access to psychotherapies,
- collaboration,
- family physicians
Appendices
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