Abstracts
Résumé
Malgré les avancées législatives en matière d’égalité au travail pour les minorités sexuelles et de genre (MSG), les données disponibles permettent de constater la persistance des discriminations en milieu de travail envers les personnes lesbiennes, gaies et bisexuelles, et surtout, envers les personnes transsexuelles/transgenres. Cet article, basé sur une revue de la littérature, explore les liens entre les différents vécus de discrimination en milieu de travail et leurs impacts sur la santé mentale chez les MSG et chez différentes sous-populations : hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes, femmes non hétérosexuelles, parents lesbiennes et gais, et personnes trans. De plus, l’article explore certains facteurs de protection et de risque individuels et systémiques qui interviennent dans cette relation, entre autres le dévoilement de l’orientation sexuelle ou de l’identité de genre et le soutien organisationnel. Finalement, la littérature sur la discrimination en milieu de travail et la santé mentale des MSG met en lumière l’importance, dans le contexte actuel, des approches intersectionnelles et des études sur les micro-agressions. Pour terminer, l’article discute les implications pour les milieux de pratique, de recherche et de travail tout en formulant plusieurs recommandations.
Mots-clés :
- homosexualité,
- gais,
- lesbiennes,
- bisexualité,
- personnes trans,
- orientation sexuelle,
- identité de genre,
- santé mentale,
- travail,
- employé,
- discrimination,
- micro-agressions,
- coming out
Abstract
Despite legislative advances in terms of workplace equality for sexual and gender minorities (SGM), available data ascertains the persistence of workplace discrimination of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and especially of transgender/transsexual employees. This article, based on an extensive literature review, explores the relationship between different types of workplace discrimination experiences and their impacts on the mental health of SGM and of different sub-populations: men who have sex with men, non-heterosexual women, lesbian and gay parents, and trans people. Furthermore, the article explores certain individual and systemic protection and risk factors that have an impact on this relationship, such as coming-out at work and organisational support. Finally, the existing literature on workplace discrimination and mental health of sexual and gender minorities highlights the importance, in the current legal and social context, of intersectional approaches and of research on homo- and trans-negative microaggressions. The article ends with a discussion on the implications for practice, research, and workplace settings, as well as with several recommendations for these settings.
Keywords:
- homosexuality,
- gay,
- lesbian,
- bisexual,
- trans people,
- gender identity,
- sexual orientation,
- mental health,
- workplace,
- employee,
- discrimination,
- microaggressions,
- coming out
Appendices
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