Abstracts
Résumé
La population hospitalisée en psychiatrie apparaît davantage exposée à des événements traumatiques que la population française en général, avec plus particulièrement des agressions à caractère sexuel. Notre objectif principal est de décrire la population hospitalisée en psychiatrie et en particulier l’histoire traumatique des patients, les comorbidités associées (psychiatriques et addictologiques) ainsi que le niveau socioéconomique. Cette étude descriptive, transversale et rétrospective a été réalisée au Centre de crise du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique de février à juillet 2013. Un questionnaire socioéconomique, le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, le Trauma History Questionnaire et le questionnaire Impact Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) ont été réalisés de façon aléatoire auprès de 49 des 143 patients admis sur cette période (soit 34,3 %). Dans notre échantillon, une moyenne de 6,5 types différents d’événements traumatiques a été établie (écart-type = 4,2) : 38,8 % des patients rapportent un traumatisme à la suite d’une catastrophe naturelle, et 38,8 % déclarent au moins une agression sexuelle. Parmi les 25 patients souffrant de syndrome de stress post-traumatique, 66,7 % ont subi une agression sexuelle dans l’enfance, avant l’âge de 10 ans (P = 0,01), et dans l’adolescence, entre 10 et 18 ans (P = 0,01). Ces résultats soulignent l’importance d’interroger systématiquement le profil traumatique, c’est-à-dire l’association entre les événements traumatiques et leur retentissement clinique.
Mots-clés :
- profil traumatique,
- état de stress post-traumatique,
- Trauma History Questionnaire,
- agression sexuelle,
- catastrophe naturelle
Abstract
The population hospitalised in psychiatry seems more exposed to traumatic events than the French general population, with particularly more sexual aggressions. The aim of this study is to describe the population hospitalised in psychiatry and more precisely the traumatic history of these patients, their comorbidities (mental diseases and addictions), and socio economical level. This descriptive, cross sectional and retrospective study took place in the Crisis Center in the University Hospital in Martinique (French West Indies), from February to July 2013. A socio-demographic information, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, the Trauma History Questionnaire and the Impact Events Scale-Revised were realised with 49 of the 143 patients admitted during this period (34.3%). In this population, we found a mean of 6.5 (standart-deviation=4.2) different types of traumatic event, with 38.8% patients reporting a natural disaster, and 38.8% declaring at least one sexual aggression. In the 25 patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, 66.7% underwent a sexual aggression, significatively during childhood (before 10 years old, P=0.01), and during adolescence (between 10 to 18 years old, P=0.01). These results underline the importance of a systematic screening of the traumatic profile: the characteristics of the traumatic events and its clinical impact.
Keywords:
- traumatic profile,
- posttraumatic stress disorder,
- Trauma History Questionnaire,
- sexual assault,
- natural disaster
Appendices
Bibliographie
- http://www.martinique.pref.gouv.fr/Prefecture/Nos-missions/Securite-publique/Actualites/Presentation-des-chiffres-de-la-delinquance-en-2012-en-Martinique
- http://www.violences.fr/Documentation/EnquetteENVEFF/tabid/76/language/fr-FR/Default.aspx
- Afifi, T. O., Mota, N. P., Dasiewicz, P., MacMillan, H. L. et Sareen, J. (2012). Aug Physical punishment and mental disorders : results from a nationally representative US sample, Pediatrics, vol. 130, no 2, p. 184-192.
- Amr, M., El-Wasify, M., Amin, T. et Roy, A. (2010). Childhood trauma in Egyptian patients with schizophrenia : a cry over Nile, Schizophrenia Research, 2010, vol. 124, p. 242-243.
- Auxémery, Y. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a consequence of the interaction between an individual genetic susceptibility, a traumatogenic event and a social context, Encéphale, vol. 38, no 5, p. 373-380.
- Brown, E. et Lefaucheur, N. (2011). Les violences subies dans les différents espaces publiques de vie en Martinique, in Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe, genre et violences interpersonnelles à la Martinique, L’Harmattan, p. 73.
- Brunet, A., St-Hilaire, A., Jehel, L. et King, S. (2003). Validation of a french version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Can J Psychiat, vol. 48, no 1, p. 56-61.
- Coid, J., Petruckevitch, A., Feder, G., Chung, W., Richardson, J. et Moorey, S. (2001). Relation between childhood sexual and physical abuse and risk of revictimisation in women : a cross-sectional survey, Lancet, vol. 358, no 9280, p. 450-454.
- Coughlin, S. S. (2011). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease, Open Cardiovasc Med J., vol. 5, p. 164-170.
- Creamer, M., Bell, R., et Failla, S. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised, Behav Res Ther., vol. 41, no 2, p. 1489-1496.
- Evans, M. et Jehel, L. (2013). « Des violences de l’enfance aux symptômes traumatiques de la femme adulte », la lettre du psychiatre, vol. 9, p. 92-97.
- Fang, X., Brown, D. S., Florence, C. S. et Mercy, J. A. (2012). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States and implications for prevention, Child Abuse Negl., vol. 36, no 2, p. 156-165.
- Gill, J. M., Page, G. G., Sharps, P. et Campbell, J. C. (2008). Experiences of traumatic events and associations with PTSD and depression development in urban health care-seeking women, Journal of Hurban Health, vol. 85, p. 693-706.
- Glover, K., Olfson, M., Gameroff, M. J. et Neria, Y. (2010). Assault and mental disorders : across-sectional study of urban adult primary care patients, Psychiatric Services, 2010, vol. 61, p. 1018-1023.
- Godet-Mardirossian, H., Jehel, L. et Falissard, B. (2011). Suicidality in male prisoners : influence of childhood adversity mediated by dimensions of personality, J Forensic Sci, vol. 56, no 4, p. 942-949.
- Hagenaars, M. A., Fisch, I. et van Minnen, A. (2011). The effect of trauma onset and frequency on PTSD-associated symptoms, J Affect disorder, vol. 132, no 1-2, p. 192-199.
- Hegarty, K., Gunn, J., Chondros, P. et Small, R. (2004). Association between depression and abuse by partners of women attending general practice : descriptive, cross sectional survey, BMJ, vol. 328, no 7440, p. 621-624.
- Hooper, L. M., Stockton, P., Krupnick, J. L. et Green, B. L. (2011). Development, use, and psychometric properties of the Trauma History Questionnaire, Journal of Loss and Trauma, vol. 16, p. 258-283.
- Jehel, L. et Dayan, J. (2003). « Quels sont les outils de repérage permettant d’évaluer la gravité du traumatisme lié à une maltraitance sexuelle ? Conséquences des maltraitances sexuelles. Les reconnaître, les soigner, les prévenir », Conférence de consensus Paris 2003, Fédération Française de Psychiatrie.
- Ladois Do Pilar Rei, A. (2012). Réactions péritraumatiques et symptômes de Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique après une admission en psychiatrie, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier).
- Lawson, K. M., Back, S. E., Hartwell, K. J. et Moran-Santa Maria, M., Brady, K. T. (2013). A comparison of trauma profiles among individuals with prescription opioid, nicotine, or cocaine dependence, Am J Addict, vol. 22, no 2, p. 127-131.
- Lommen, M. et Restifo, K. (2009). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, Community Mental Health Journal, vol. 45, p. 485-496.
- McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Hill, E. D., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M. et Kessler, R. C. (2013). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of adolescents, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol. 52, no 8, p. 815-830.
- Meade, C. S., McDonald, L. J., Graff, F. S., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Griffin, M. L. et Weiss, R. D. (2009). A prospective study examining the effects of gender and sexual/physical abuse on mood outcomes in patients with co-occurring bipolar I and substance use disorders, Bipolar Disorders, vol. 11, p. 425-433.
- Mueser, K. T., Trumbetta, S., Rosenberg, S. D., Vidaver, R. M., Goodman, L. B., Osher, F. C., Vidaver, R., Auciello, P. et Foy, D. W. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 66, p. 493-499.
- Nanni, V., Uher, R. et Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression : a meta-analysis, Am J Psychiatry, vol. 169, no 2, p. 141-151.
- Neria, Y., Bromet, E. J., Sievers, S., Lavelle, J. et Fochtmann, L. J. (2002). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in psychosis : Findings from a first-admission cohort, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, no 70, p. 246-251.
- O’Hare, T., Shen, C. et Sherrer, M. (2010). High-risk behaviors and drinking-to-cope as mediators of lifetime abuse and PTSD symptoms in clients with severe mental illness, Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 23, p. 255-263.
- Paras, M. L., Murad, M. H., Chen, L. P., Goranson, E. N., Sattler, A. L., Colbenson, K. M., Elamin, M. B., Seime, R. J., Prokop, L. J. et Zirakzadeh, A. (2009). Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of somatic disorders : a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA, vol. 302, no 5, p. 550-561.
- Read, J. P., Brown, P. J. et Kahler, C. W. (2004). Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder : symptom interplay and effects on outcome, Addict Behav, vol. 29, no 8, p. 1665-1672.
- Sheehan, D., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. et al. (1997). The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability, Eur Psychiat, vol. 12, no 5, p. 232-241.
- Sheehan, D., Lecrubier, Y., Shenan, K. H. et al. (1989). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) : The development and validation of a Structured Diagnostic Psychiatric Interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10, J Clin Psychiat, vol. 59, no 20, p. 22-33.
- Spitzer, C., Barnow, S., Völzke, H., John, U., Freyberger, H. J. et Joergen Grabe, H. (2009). Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Physical Illness : Findings from the General Population, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 71, p. 1012-1017.
- Stevens, D., Wilcox, H. C., Mackinnon, D. F., Mondimore, F. M., Schweizer, B., Jancic, D., Coryell, W. H., Weissman, M. M., Levinson, D. F. et Potash, J. B. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder increases risk for suicide attempts in adults with recurrent major depression, Depress Anxiety, 2013, 24 juillet.
- Thompson, A., Nelson, B., McNab, C., Simmons, M., Leicester, S., McGorry, P. D., Bechdolf, A. et Yung, A. R. (2010). Psychotic symptoms with sexual content in the “ultra high risk” for psychosis population : frequency and association with sexual trauma, Psychiatry Research, vol. 177, p. 84-91.
- Weiss, D. et Marmar, C. R. (dir.) (1997). The impact of Event Scale-Revised. In Wilson J. and Keane T. M., Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD : a handbook for practitioners, Guilford Press : New York.
- Zanarini, M. C., Hörz, S., Frankenburg, F. R., Weingeroff, J., Reich, D. B. et Fitzmaurice, G. (2011). The 10-year course of PTSD in borderline patients and axis II comparison subjects, Acta Psychiatr Scand, vol. 124, no 5, p. 349-356.