Abstracts
Résumé
L’Estrie est une région du Québec qui n’a jamais eu d’hôpital psychiatrique et s’avère donc un exemple extrême de désinstitutionnalisation. Comment parvient-on à y soigner et à héberger les personnes les plus gravement malades ? Ce système a-t-il des conséquences néfastes ? Les auteurs présentent ici une étude de cas jumelant des données qualitatives et quantitatives pour élucider ces questions. Ils ont repéré 36 patients souffrant de troubles mentaux très graves (prévalence 12,4/100 000). Cette région n’exporte pas ces cas les plus graves et parvient en général à les accueillir dans un réseau de petites et moyennes ressources d’hébergement. Par contre, les auteurs ont pu identifier une certaine dérive vers le réseau carcéral ; les cas à double ou triple diagnostics n’accèdent pas facilement aux soins ; faute d’alternative, les patients à potentiel chronique de violence stagnent parfois à l’hôpital dans des lits de courte durée (prévalence 1,6/100 000). Il semble donc possible d’éliminer le recours à un hôpital psychiatrique pour les patients souffrant de troubles mentaux très graves à condition de prévoir pour eux des milieux de vie très encadrés et de longue durée (besoin : 10-20 places/100 000).
Abstract
The Eastern Townships (Estrie) is an area of Québec which has never had a psychiatric hospital and is thus an extreme example of deinstitutionalization. How can people with the most severe mental illnesses be cared for ? Does this system have harmful consequences ? The authors present a case study with both qualitative and quantitative data to elucidate their questions. They found 36 patients with very severe mental illness (prevalence 12,4/100 000). This region does not send its most severely ill patients outside and generally succeeds in providing them with care and services in a network of small and medium size residential facilities. On the other hand, the authors have also been able to identify a certain drift of patients towards the correctional system ; cases with double or triple diagnosis do not easily have access to care ; through lack of an alternative, patients with potentially chronic violence often are stuck in a hospital in short stay beds (prevalence 1,6/100 000). It thus appears possible to eliminate the use of a psychiatric hospital for patients with very severe mental disorders as long as they are provided with supervised and long term care facilities (need : 10-20 places/100 000).
Resumen
Estrie es una región de Québec que nunca ha tenido hospital psiquiátrico y se reconoce entonces como un ejemplo extremo de desinstitucionalización. ¿Cómo se logra atender y alojar ahí a las personas más gravemente enfermas? ¿Tiene consecuencias nefastas este sistema? Los autores presentan aquí un estudio de caso que reune los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos para elucidar estas cuestiones. Se localizaron 36 pacientes que sufren de trastornos mentales graves (prevalencia 12.4/100,000). Esta región no exporta sus casos más graves y en general logra alojarlos en una red de recursos de alojamiento pequeños y medianos. En cambio, los autores pudieron identificar una cierta desviación hacia la red carcelaria; los casos de diagnóstico doble o triple no tienen fácil acceso a la atención; a falta de alternativas, los pacientes con un potencial crónico de violencia a veces se estancan en el hospital en las camas de corta duración (prevalencia 1.6/100,000). Parece entonces posible eliminar el tener que recurrir a un hospital psiquiátrico para los pacientes que sufren trastornos mentales graves, a condición de que para ellos se prevean medios de vida enmarcados y de larga duración (exigencia: 10-20 lugares/100,000).
Resumo
A Estrie é uma região do Quebec que nunca teve hospital psiquiátrico e revela-se um exemplo extremo de desinstitucionalização. Como conseguir atender e internar as pessoas mais gravemente enfermas? Este sistema tem conseqüências nefastas? Os autores apresentam, aqui, um estudo de caso que associa dados qualitativos e quantitativos para elucidar estas questões. Eles reconheceram 36 pacientes que sofrem de transtornos mentais graves (prevalência 12,4 por 100.000). Esta região não exporta estes casos mais graves e consegue, em geral, acolhê-los em uma rede de pequenos e médios recursos de internação. Entretanto, os autores puderam identificar uma certa deriva em direção à rede carcerária; os casos de duplo ou triplo diagnóstico não têm acesso fácil ao atendimento; sem alternativa, os pacientes com potencial crônico de violência ficam, às vezes, no hospital em leitos de curta duração (prevalência 1,6 por 100.000). Parece, então, que é possível eliminar o recurso a um hospital psiquiátrico para os pacientes que sofrem de transtornos mentais graves, com a condição de prever, para eles, meios de vida muito enquadrados e de longa duração (necessidade: 10-20 lugares por 100.000).
Appendices
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