Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article fait état des interventions psychologiques qui ont été développées ou adaptées au traitement de la phobie sociale. Deux stratégies principales ont été identifiées : la réduction de l’anxiété et l’amélioration du fonctionnement social. L’exposition et la restructuration cognitive sont les démarches principales dans la stratégie de la réduction d’anxiété. L’entraînement aux habiletés sociales est l’intervention centrale pour l’amélioration du fonctionnement social. Leurs issues thérapeutiques, à court et à long terme, sont analysées ainsi que comparées à la psychopharmacologie. Les tâches à exécuter dans les situations de vie entre les séances thérapeutiques peuvent être envisagées comme étant un élément essentiel de toutes les interventions. Elles sont cependant au service des différents principes théoriques préconisés par chacune des approches.
Abstract
This article describes the psychological interventions developed or adapted specifically for the treatment of social phobia. Two main strategies have been identified : anxiety reduction and improvement of social functioning. Exposure and cognitive restructuring are the main procedures for anxiety reduction. For the improvement of social functioning, social skills training is the principal procedure. The outcomes on a short and long term basis are analyzed and compared to psychopharmacology. Tasks (homework) to be performed in real-life situations between sessions are considered as an essential element of all interventions. However, these tasks are guided by the different theoretical principles inherent to each approach.
Resumen
Este artículo toma en cuenta las intervenciones psicológicas que han sido desarrolladas o adaptadas al tratamiento de la fobia social. Se identificaron dos estrategias principales: la reducción de la ansiedad y el mejoramiento del funcionamiento social. La exposición y la reestructuración cognitiva son los pasos principales en la estrategia de reducción de la ansiedad. El entrenamiento en las habilidades sociales es la intervención central para el mejoramiento del funcionamiento social. Sus soluciones terapéuticas, a corto y largo plazo, son analizadas y comparadas con la psicofarmacología. Las tareas a ejecutar, en las situaciones de la vida entre las sesiones terapéuticas, pueden ser consideradas como un elemento esencial de todas las intervenciones. Éstas, sin embargo, están al servicio de los diferentes principios teóricos preconizados por cada uno de los enfoques.
Resumo
Este artigo trata das atuações psicológicas que foram desenvolvidas ou adaptadas ao tratamento da fobia social. Duas estratégias principais foram identificadas: a redução da ansiedade e a melhoria do funcionamento social. A exposição e a reestruturação cognitiva são as abordagens principais na estratégia da redução da ansiedade. O treinamento para as habilidades sociais é a atuação principal para melhorar o funcionamento social. Seus resultados a curto e a longo prazo são analisados, além de serem comparados à psicofarmacologia. As tarefas à executar nas situações de vida entre as sessões terapêuticas podem ser vistas como sendo um elemento essencial de todas as intervenções. Elas estão, entretanto, a serviço dos diferentes princípios teóricos preconizados por cada uma das abordagens.
Appendices
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