Abstracts
Résumé
Les cocaïnomanes désaffiliés ont un contact précaire avec le réseau d’aide compliquant ainsi la prévention du VIH et des hépatites chez ces personnes. Leur méfiance envers le réseau d’aide et la prise en charge par la société entravent le développement d’une relation porteuse de changements et d’une mobilisation par ces personnes à une réduction des risques. Le manque de coordination entre les ressources crée un autre obstacle. Après une revue de littérature sur la désaffiliation sociale et les risques d’infections virales chez les cocaïnomanes, les auteurs proposent une analyse critique des avenues préventives concernant ces infections. Ainsi, la philosophie de la réduction des méfaits et les programmes aux exigences peu élevées, les interventions d’information, de sensibilisation ainsi que les approches motivationnelles, l’empowerment et la promotion de la santé sont commentés.
Abstract
Disaffiliated cocaine users have a precarious contact with the health care system thus complicating prevention of HIV and hepatitis. The lack of confidence of cocaine users towards the health care system as well as society’s way of taking charge of them, hinders both the development of a relationship based on change and for users to take action towards risk reduction. The lack of coordination between health care resources constitutes yet another obstacle. After reviewing the literature on social disaffiliation and the risks of viral infections in cocaine users, the authors make a critical analysis of preventive means concerning viral infections. Thus, the model based on harm reduction, low-access programs, information interventions, sensitization as well as motivational approaches, empowerment and health promotion are discussed.
Resumen
Los cocainómanos desafiliados tienen un contacto precario con la red de ayuda y, por tanto, complican la prevención del VIH y la hepatitis entre ellos. La desconfianza hacia la red de ayuda y la toma a cargo por parte de la sociedad dificultan el desarrollo de una relación portadora de cambios y la dirección, de estas personas, hacia una reducción de riesgos. La falta de coordinación entre los recursos crea otro obstáculo. En una revista de literatura sobre la desafiliación social y los riesgos de infecciones virales en los cocainómanos, los autores proponen un análisis crítico de las vías preventivas concernientes a estas infecciones. De este modo, se comenta la filosofía de reducción de daños y los programas poco accesibles, las intervenciones de información, de sensibilización, así como los enfoques motivacionales, el empowerment y la promoción de la salud.
Resumo
Os cocainomanos sem filiação têm um contato precário com a rede de auxílio, o que complica a prevenção do HIV e das hepatites nestas pessoas. Sua desconfiança em relação à rede de auxílio e a responsabilização da sociedade entravam o desenvolvimento de uma relação que traga mudanças e o interesse destas pessoas a uma redução dos riscos. A falta de coordenação entre os recursos cria um outro obstáculo. Após a apresentação da literatura científica sobre a falta de filiação social e os riscos de infecções virais junto aos cocainomanos, os autores propõem uma análise crítica das ações preventivas a estas infecções. Os autores comentam sobre a filosofia da redução dos danos e a pouca acessibilidade dos programas, a conscientização, a sensibilização assim como as abordagens motivacionais, a capacitação e a promoção da saúde.
Appendices
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