ror.org/049jtt335
Abstracts
Résumé
La gestion intégrée des risques d’inondation (GIRI) fait appel à la coordination de tous les niveaux et secteurs du gouvernement et de la société civile. Afin de favoriser la responsabilisation et l’appropriation des plans de GIRI par les communautés, l’implication des acteurs non gouvernementaux et des citoyens est de plus en plus valorisée. D’abord, l’émergence des approches participatives est exacerbée par l’optimisme face à la possibilité d’améliorer substantiellement la qualité et la portée des décisions, de gérer les conflits, de faciliter l'implantation des mesures non structurelles et de renforcer les capacités sociales au sein des communautés. Toutefois, certains avancent que l'intégration des non-experts dans le processus décisionnel brime l'impartialité de la procédure technocratique et que leur manque d’intérêt et de compétences limite la portée des démarches participatives. Des lacunes dans la représentativité des parties prenantes affectées et concernées au sein des instances peuvent aussi biaiser les aboutissants de la participation. De plus, la réticence des autorités à partager le pouvoir décisionnel limite l’institutionnalisation des approches participatives, tandis que la rigidité de l’appareil gouvernemental freine les élans participatifs des collectivités. Considérant l’intérêt grandissant des chercheurs, des décideurs et de la société civile envers les approches participatives dans le contexte de la gestion des inondations, cet article propose une synthèse de la littérature pour démêler les principales retombées et les limites de la participation.
Mots-clés :
- approches participatives,
- participation,
- gestion intégrée,
- inondation
Abstract
In order to promote community accountability for flood risks, the involvement of non-governmental actors and citizens is increasingly valued. The emergence of participatory approaches is consolidated by optimism about the possibility of improving the quality and scope of decisions, managing conflicts, facilitating the implementation of non-structural measures and strengthening social capacity within communities. However, some argue that the integration of non-experts undermines the impartiality of the decision-making process and that their lack of interest and expertise limits the scope of participatory approaches. Moreover, the authorities’ reluctance to share decision-making power limits the institutionalization of participatory approaches, whereas the rigidity of the governmental framework hampers participatory impulses within communities. Lack of stakeholder representativeness within the decision-making framework may also bias the outcome of participation. In addition, the reluctance of the authorities to share decision-making power limits the institutionalization of participatory approaches, while the rigidity of the government apparatus hinders the participatory momentum of communities. Considering the growing interest of researchers, policymakers and civil society in participatory approaches in the context of flood management, this article provides a synthesis of the literature to unravel the major benefits and limitations of participation.
Keywords:
- participatory approaches,
- participation,
- integrated management,
- flood risk
Appendices
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