ror.org/02zcy8d62
Abstracts
Résumé
Le processus de photosensibilisation (phototraitement) de l'eau suscite beaucoup d'intérêt, car il implique trois composants qui sont individuellement inoffensifs pour le milieu biologique, à savoir le photosensibilisant, la lumière et l'oxygène moléculaire. La photostabilité de la porphyrine tétra-méso-cationique (T4MPyP) dans l'eau usée et l’efficacité du phototraitement dépend de la concentration du photosensibilisant, de la qualité de l'eau (contaminants organiques, turbidité, pH, taux d'oxygène dissous et épaisseur de la lame d'eau) ainsi que de l'intensité et de la nature du rayonnement lumineux. L’étude expérimentale consistait à apporter à un sol sableux i) de l’eau usée secondaire traitée par boues activées, ii) la même eau usée, mais phototraitée avec 5 μM∙L-1 de T4MPyP pendant 6 h d’ensoleillement, et iii) une eau de puits. L’eau usée phototraitée était conforme aux normes tunisiennes (NT 106.03) pour l’irrigation sans restriction au niveau du taux de bactéries indicatrices de pollution fécale (l’abattement des coliformes fécaux avoisinait 99,99 %), mais renfermait encore une concentration résiduelle de porphyrine (environ 35 % de la concentration initiale). À la fin de l’expérimentation, la configuration saline du sol dépendait de la qualité des eaux d’irrigation. Dans le cas des eaux usées secondaires, la couche de surface (0-5 cm) se caractérisait par une concentration élevée de sels solubles et par une prolifération d’algues contribuant ainsi au colmatage superficiel et à un manque de continuité des macropores. En revanche, le colmatage chimique et biologique était réduit suite à l’utilisation des eaux usées phototraitées. La salinité était plus importante au niveau de la couche profonde (5-15 cm) due à une importante mobilité des ions chlorures et sodium suivie des sulfates et du calcium de la couche 0-5 cm vers la couche 5-15 cm, ce qui peut être attribué à une oxydation plus élevée de la matière organique induite par la présence de porphyrine. Il ressort de cette étude que la valorisation des eaux usées avec des concentrations micromolaires de T4MPyP dans le domaine agricole inhiberait le développement d'algues à la surface du sol et conduirait à une meilleure infiltration des sels vers les profondeurs évitant ainsi l’installation du colmatage à la surface. En outre, une meilleure rétention des ions ammonium et orthophosphates a été observée dans le sol sableux lors de la percolation des eaux usées phototraiteées.
Mots-clés :
- porphyrine,
- phototraitement,
- eaux usées,
- sol sableux,
- salinité
Abstract
The process of photosensitization (phototreatment) of water is gaining much interest as it involves three components that are individually harmless to the biological environment, namely, the photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. Laboratory experiments on study factors affecting photostability of T4MPyP (meso-tetra [4-N-methylpyridyl] porphyrin) in water show that wavelength and intensity of incident light, concentration of photosensitizer and water quality (presence of organics contaminants, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and thickness of the water sheet) all affects the rate of photostability and phototreatment. The experimental study consisted in bringing i) secondary treated (by activated sludge) wastewater, ii) the same type of wastewater but photosensitized with 5 μM∙L-1 of T4MPyP during 6h of sunshine, and iii) well water to a sandy soil. Phototreated wastewater met Tunisian standards (NT 106.03) indicating that the porphyrin was efficient in removing indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms removal averaged 99.99%) but still contained a residual concentration of porphyrin (about 35% of the initial concentration). At the end of the experiment, the saline configuration of the soil depended on the irrigation water quality. In the case of the secondary wastewater, the surface layer (0-5 cm) was characterized by high concentration of soluble salts and by proliferation of some algae which resulted in surface clogging and lack of macropore continuity. In contrast, biological, chemical and physical clogging processes were reduced by using phototreated wastewater with a residual photosensitizer. The absence of algae in the surface layer of soil and the decrease of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and bacteria could reduce clogging of irrigated water. The higher salinity was observed in the deep layer (5-15 cm) due to a high mobility of the sodium and chloride ions followed by sulfates and calcium from the layer 0-5 cm to the layer 5-15 cm which can be attributed to the higher oxidation of organic matter induced by the presence of porphyrin. The results revealed that using wastewater with micromolar concentrations of T4MPyP in agriculture would inhibit the development of algae at the soil surface and lead to a better infiltration of salts in depths, which would prevent surface clogging. In addition, better retention of ammonium and orthophosphate ions was observed in the sandy soil during percolation of phototreated wastewater.
Keywords:
- porphyrin,
- phototreatment,
- wastewater,
- sandy soil,
- salinity
Appendices
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