Abstracts
Résumé
Les pesticides sont des substances chimiques et naturelles destinées à détruire, combattre ou repousser les organismes indésirables ou nuisibles qui causent des dommages aux cultures et produits agricoles. Leur utilisation permet aussi d’entretenir les espaces publics et les voies ferrées. Ces utilisations multiples des pesticides expliquent leur présence dans divers compartiments environnementaux comme l’eau, les sols et l’air. Cette présence dans l’environnement a des conséquences néfastes sur les êtres vivants, en particulier chez l’Homme où l’exposition aux pesticides peut causer des maladies neurodégénératives, congénitales et divers types de cancer. Il est donc nécessaire de contrôler les sources d’émission, réduire leurs transferts dans l’environnement et traiter les milieux d’exposition contaminés à l’aide de procédés d’épuration efficaces comme les procédés d’oxydation avancée (POA). Dans cette revue de synthèse bibliographique, l’accent est mis sur les différents paramètres opératoires qui influencent l’efficacité des procédés électrochimiques, photochimiques et électro-photochimiques dans le traitement des eaux contaminées par les pesticides. De manière globale, l’efficacité des POA est influencée par la nature de l’effluent à traiter (synthétique ou réel), le pH, et le temps de traitement. Les procédés électrochimiques sont influencés par la nature des électrodes et la densité du courant appliquée. Les procédés photochimiques comme la photocatalyse sont influencés par la nature et la concentration du photocatalyseur et par la longueur d’onde de la source lumineuse. Les procédés électro-photochimiques comme l’électro-photocatalyse sont influencés par la nature de la photo-anode. Cette revue de littérature a permis de montrer l’efficacité de POA pour la dégradation totale et la minéralisation partielle de l’atrazine en concentration initiale identique (C0 = 0,1 mM).
Mots-clés :
- Électro-photochimique,
- pesticides,
- procédés d’oxydation avancée,
- toxicité
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances intended to eliminate undesirable and harmful organisms that cause damage to crops and agricultural products. They also help maintain roads and public areas. These uses and emission sources, associated with transfer pathways such as erosion and runoff, explain the presence of pesticides in various environmental compartments. The presence of pesticides in the environment is a source of toxicity to many organisms, particularly to humans who may undergo neurodegenerative and congenital diseases and various forms of cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to control the emission sources, to reduce the transfer of pesticides into the environment and to treat contaminated media using efficient processes such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This review focuses on the various operating parameters that influence the effectiveness of electrochemical, photochemical and electro-photochemical processes during the treatment of water contaminated by pesticides. Generally, the effectiveness of AOPs is influenced by the nature of influent (synthetic or real), the pH and the treatment time. Electrochemical processes are influenced by the nature of the electrodes and current density applied. Photochemical processes such as photocatalytic processes are influenced by the light source, the nature and concentration of the photocatalyst. The electro-photochemical processes such as electro-photocatalysis are influenced by the nature of the photo-anode. This review has shown the effectiveness of AOPs for the total degradation and the partial mineralization of atrazine when considering an identical initial concentration (C0 = 0.1 mM).
Keywords:
- Advanced oxidation processes,
- electro-photochemical,
- pesticides,
- toxicity
Appendices
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