Abstracts
Abstract
In the Mediterranean the environment is under pressure from agricultural and urban development, changes in agricultural practices and international markets, and climate change. Moreover, many studies show a steady increase in the agro-pastoral pressure and land degradation and their impacts on water resources and soil, and ultimately the lives of local people. But few studies address these issues across the inclusive scale of large river basins. The conference held at Tipaza in Algeria, from which come several papers published in the Journal of Water Science in 2013, was intended to reflect on the topics, methods and tools available to study the relationships among humans, the environment and sediment transport at this large scale, with the result expected to improve the potential for dialogue between researchers and developers who make decisions for regional macro surfaces. The topics discussed at the conference that appear in the articles published here concern the factors responsible for the variability of sediment transport: climate change and anthropogenic changes, such as agricultural activity and water projects; relationships between land-cover/land-use, rainfall-runoff processes and sediment transport; modeling of sediment transport; and the interest of a multi-scale approach, predominantly a spatial one, for addressing the geographical realities of large basins and scale transfer issues, particularly in Mediterranean and semi-arid areas.
Keywords:
- Mediterranean,
- humans,
- soil,
- erosion,
- solid transport,
- climate change,
- spatialization,
- GIS
Résumé
En Méditerranée l’environnement est soumis aux pressions du développement agricole et urbain, aux changements dans les pratiques agricoles et les marchés internationaux, et au changement climatique. Par ailleurs, de nombreux travaux témoignent d’une augmentation croissante de la pression agro-pastorale et de la dégradation des sols et de leurs conséquences sur les ressources en eau et en sol, et in fine sur les conditions de vie des populations locales. Mais peu de travaux abordent ces questions à l’échelle intégratrice des grands bassins versants. La conférence de Tipaza en Algérie, dont sont tirés plusieurs articles parus dans la Revue des Sciences de l’Eau en 2013, avait pour objectif de mener une réflexion sur les problématiques, méthodes et outils disponibles pour étudier les relations homme, environnement et transports solides à cette échelle, avec comme issue attendue d’améliorer le potentiel de dialogue entre les chercheurs et les développeurs qui ont à prendre des décisions pour des surfaces macro régionales. Les thèmes traités lors de cette conférence et qui apparaissent dans les articles publiés ici concernent les facteurs à l’origine de la variabilité des transports solides : changement climatique, changements anthropiques – tels que les activités agricoles et aménagements hydrauliques; les liens entre l’occupation du sol, les processus pluie-débit et le transport sédimentaire; la modélisation des transports sédimentaires; et l’utilité d’une approche multi-échelle, principalement spatiale, pour appréhender les réalités géographiques de grands bassins et la question du transfert d’échelle, en particulier dans les régions méditerranéennes et semi-arides.
Mots-clés :
- Méditerranée,
- homme,
- sol,
- érosion,
- transport solide,
- changement climatique,
- spatialisation,
- SIG
Appendices
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