Abstracts
Résumé
La station d’épuration par boues activées de Nador génère de grandes quantités de boues qui posent un sérieux problème environnemental. Ces boues sont stockées à côté de la lagune de Nador, sans aucune mesure assurant leur innocuité à l’environnement. Pendant la période pluvieuse, les eaux de pluies s’infiltrent à l’intérieur des déchets en se chargeant de leurs composés minéraux et organiques générant ainsi un lixiviat. Notre étude vise à caractériser le lixiviat des stocks de boues et à approcher expérimentalement via un test de percolation le risque du transfert possible des contaminants issus de ces stocks vers les ressources d’eau. Les analyses physico-chimiques des lixiviats des stocks de boue ont montré qu’ils sont riches en azote Kjeldhal (NTK max = 1 436 mg•L-1), en nitrates (NO3 max = 88,6 mg•L-1), en PT (PT max = 88,79 mg•L-1) et en PO4 (PO4 max = 20,87 mg•L-1). En outre, ces lixiviats présentent des teneurs assez élevées en SO4, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na et K. Ces lixiviats contiennent également des métaux lourds, principalement le Cu et le Zn. Le test de percolation réalisé a permis de mettre en évidence un lessivage important d’azote et de phosphore à partir des boues en comparaison avec le témoin (le sol). En effet, les quantités de NO3, NH4, NTK, PO4 et PT exportées par lessivage à travers les boues sont respectivement 8 fois, 21 fois, 35 fois, 3 fois et 18 fois plus élevées en comparaison avec les valeurs témoins. Par ailleurs, la charge lessivée des boues en métaux lourds (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) représente 0,07 % de la charge initiale, ce qui est approximativement le double de la charge lessivée à partir du sol.
Mots-clés :
- Stocks de boues,
- sol,
- pluie,
- lixiviat,
- percolation
Abstract
The wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of Nador, using an activated sludge process, generates large quantities of sludge, which create a serious environmental problem. The sludge is stored near the Nador lagoon, without any measures to ensure protection of the environment. During the rainy period, the rain water seeps through the waste, extracting minerals and organic compounds and generating a leachate. Our study aimed to characterize the leachate from the stocked sludge and to explore experimentally, using a percolation test, the risk of contamination of water resources. The results of physico-chemical analysis showed that the leachate is rich in total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN max = 1,440 mg•L-1), nitrate (NO3 max = 88.6 mg•L-1), total phosphorus (TP max = 88.8 mg•L-1) and orthophosphate (PO4 max = 20.9 mg•L-1). In addition, the leachate has high contents of SO4, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na and K. The leachate also contains heavy metals, mainly Cu and Zn. The percolation test indicates important levels of nitrogen and phosphorus leached from the sludge in comparison to the soil control. Furthermore, the quantities of NO3, NH4, TKN, PO4 and TP exported by leaching through the sludge are respectively, 8 fold, 21 fold, 35 fold, 3 fold and 18 fold higher than those leaching through soil. In addition, the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) leached from sludge (0.07% of the initial load) are 2 fold higher than the levels leached from soil.
Keywords:
- Sludge stocks,
- soil,
- rain,
- leachate,
- percolation
Appendices
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