Abstracts
Résumé
L’approvisionnement en eau potable de la ville de Casablanca, capitale économique et industrielle du Maroc, est assuré en grande partie par les eaux du réservoir de stockage Tit Mellil alimenté par les eaux traitées provenant de la retenue de barrage Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (SMBA). Or, les eaux brutes du barrage sont souvent affectées par le phénomène d’eutrophisation qui se manifeste par la prolifération des cyanobactéries qui exercent un impact négatif sur la filière de production d’eau potable. En effet, les analyses physico-chimiques, effectuées sur les eaux brutes et traitées, ont permis de faire un diagnostic. Ce dernier a montré que les caractéristiques des eaux brutes favorisent la prolifération de cyanobactéries. Plusieurs genres toxiques ont été identifiés avec Microcystis et Oscillatoria qui sont producteurs de microcystines. L’évaluation des microcystines dans les eaux brutes et traitées a été réalisée par le test colorimétrique d’inhibition de la protéine phosphatase type 2A (PP2A), sur des extraits préconcentrés des fractions dissoutes et des fractions cellulaires avec un seuil de détection de 1 ng•L-1. Les résultats montrent que les microcystines sont présentes dans tous les échantillons d’eaux traitées, prélevés à l’entrée du réservoir de stockage, pendant la période été-automne de 2006 à 2008. Leurs taux en microcystines dissoutes n’excèdent pas 0,075 µg équivalents MC-LR•L-1. Ces valeurs, bien que positives, sont très inférieures au seuil recommandé par l’Organisation Mondiale de Santé, qui est de 1 µg équivalent MC-LR•L-1 d’eau et sont nettement inférieures à celles des eaux brutes, pour la même période, dont les valeurs ont atteint 1,1 µg équivalent MC-LR•L-1 en octobre 2006. Par ailleurs, une évaluation des concentrations en MC dissoute, à la sortie du réservoir de stockage d’eau potable vers le consommateur, a révélé une nette diminution des teneurs, liée probablement aux effets de la chloration appliquée à ces eaux.
Mots-clés :
- eau potable,
- cyanobactéries,
- microcystines,
- protéine phosphatase 2A,
- chloration
Abstract
The supply of Casablanca city with drinking water is insured mainly by waters from the storage reservoir Tit Mellil, which is fed by the treated waters coming from the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah dam. These waters are often affected by eutrophisation, with the attendant proliferation of cyanobacteria, which exercise a negative impact of the production of drinking water. In fact, the physico-chemical analyses carried out on both raw and treated waters have allowed us to make a diagnosis. This diagnosis reveals that the characteristics of the raw waters favour the proliferation of cyanobacteria. Many types of the cyanobacteria are identified, including Microcystis and Oscillatoria, which are considered to be the most toxic as well as the producers of microcystins (MC). We used a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition assay for an evaluation of dissolved and intracellular microcystin levels in raw and treated water with a detection limit of 1 ng•L-1. Tests done on treated water at the entrance of the storage reservoir reveal that dissolved MC are present in all the samples taken during the summer-autumn periods from 2006 to 2008. Their rates do not exceed 0.075 µg equivalent to MC-LR•L-1. Though these values are positive, they are below the threshold recommended by the World Health Organisation, which is 1 µg equivalent to MC-LR•L-1 of water. The amounts of microcystins in the treated waters are clearly less than those in the raw waters for the same periods. These values reached a maximum of 1.1 µg equivalent to MC-LR•L-1 in October 2006. On the other hand, an evaluation of the amounts of dissolved microcystins at the exit of the treated water from the storage reservoir revealed a clear decrease of microcystins concentration; this is probably due to the effects of the chlorination that had been applied to these waters.
Keywords:
- drinking water,
- cyanobacteria,
- microcystins,
- protein phosphatases 2A,
- chlorination
Appendices
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